SOC Balancing Control Strategy for Multiple Storage Units Based on Battery Life Degradation Characteristics

Guiquan Chen, Xiangyang Xia (), Dan Lu, Ting Ouyang, Xiaoyue Zhao, Nanlan Wang, Naitong Liu, Xianliang Luo and Yichong Luo
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Guiquan Chen: State Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention & Reduction for Power Grid, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China
Xiangyang Xia: State Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention & Reduction for Power Grid, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China
Dan Lu: State Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention & Reduction for Power Grid, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China
Ting Ouyang: Nanning Power Supply Bureau of Guangxi Power Grid Co., Ltd., Nanning 530023, China
Xiaoyue Zhao: State Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention & Reduction for Power Grid, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China
Nanlan Wang: School of Computer and Electrical Engineering, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, China
Naitong Liu: State Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention & Reduction for Power Grid, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China
Xianliang Luo: State Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention & Reduction for Power Grid, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China
Yichong Luo: State Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention & Reduction for Power Grid, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 17, 1-19

Abstract: To resolve the issue of state of charge (SOC) inconsistency among energy storage units under traditional equal-power allocation strategies, this paper proposes a multi-unit SOC balancing control strategy based on battery life degradation characteristics. Prior to system operation, the proposed strategy optimizes power distribution according to each unit’s state of health (SOH) and predefined depth of discharge (DOD), ensuring SOC balance at the end of each charge–discharge cycle. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that, compared with traditional equal-power distribution control, the proposed strategy significantly improves capacity utilization and extends the overall system lifetime. For instance, in Simulation Scenario 1, the available capacity per cycle is increased by 8.14%, and the overall system lifetime is prolonged by 11.04%. Furthermore, the strategy eliminates the need for dynamic power redistribution, thus reducing communication overheads and effectively meeting engineering requirements for SOC balancing. This research provides valuable insights for the safe and economical operation of energy storage power stations.

Keywords: energy storage system; lithium-ion battery life; SOH; SOC balancing; capacity utilization (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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