Real-Time Energy Management of a Microgrid Using MPC-DDQN-Controlled V2H and H2V Operations with Renewable Energy Integration

Mohammed Alsolami (), Ahmad Alferidi and Badr Lami
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Mohammed Alsolami: Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Taibah University, Madinah 41411, Saudi Arabia
Ahmad Alferidi: Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Taibah University, Madinah 41411, Saudi Arabia
Badr Lami: Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Taibah University, Madinah 41411, Saudi Arabia

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 17, 1-26

Abstract: This paper presents the design and implementation of an Intelligent Home Energy Management System in a smart home. The system is based on an economically decentralized hybrid concept that includes photovoltaic technology, a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, and a hydrogen refueling station, which together provide a reliable, secure, and clean power supply for smart homes. The proposed design enables power transfer between Vehicle-to-Home (V2H) and Home-to-Vehicle (H2V) systems, allowing electric vehicles to function as mobile energy storage devices at the grid level, facilitating a more adaptable and autonomous network. Our approach employs Double Deep Q-networks for adaptive control and forecasting. A Multi-Agent System coordinates actions between home appliances, energy storage systems, electric vehicles, and hydrogen power devices to ensure effective and cost-saving energy distribution for users of the smart grid. The design validation is carried out through MATLAB/Simulink-based simulations using meteorological data from Tunis. Ultimately, the V2H/H2V system enhances the utilization, reliability, and cost-effectiveness of residential energy systems compared with other management systems and conventional networks.

Keywords: intelligent home energy management; hydrogen-powered energy systems; vehicle-to-home and home-to-vehicle; double deep Q-learning; autonomous hybrid energy framework; multi-agent system coordination (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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