A Critical Review of Limited-Entry Liner (LEL) Technology for Unconventional Oil and Gas: A Case Study of Tight Carbonate Reservoirs

Bohong Wu, Junbo Sheng, Dongyu Wu (), Chao Yang, Xinxin Zhang and Yong He
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Bohong Wu: Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, Beijing 100083, China
Junbo Sheng: School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
Dongyu Wu: School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
Chao Yang: Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, Beijing 100083, China
Xinxin Zhang: School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
Yong He: School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 19, 1-30

Abstract: Limited-Entry Liner (LEL) technology has emerged as a transformative solution for enhancing hydrocarbon recovery in unconventional reservoirs while addressing challenges in carbon sequestration. This review examines the role of LEL in optimizing acid stimulation, hydraulic fracturing and production optimization, focusing on its ability to improve fluid distribution uniformity in horizontal wells through precision-engineered orifices. By integrating theoretical models, experimental studies, and field applications, we highlight LEL’s potential to mitigate the heel–toe effect and reservoir heterogeneity, thereby maximizing stimulation efficiency. Based on a comprehensive review of existing literature, this study identifies critical limitations in current LEL models—such as oversimplified annular flow dynamics, semi-empirical treatment of wormhole propagation, and a lack of quantitative design guidance—and aims to bridge these gaps through integrated multiphysics modeling and machine learning-driven optimization. Furthermore, we explore its adaptability for controlled CO 2 injection in geological storage, offering a sustainable approach to energy transition. This work provides a comprehensive yet accessible overview of LEL’s significance in both energy production and environmental sustainability.

Keywords: limited-entry liner; acid stimulation; carbon sequestration; flow control; wormhole propagation; completion design (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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