Numerical Study of a Solar Dryer Prototype with Microencapsulated Phase Change Materials for Rice Drying

Hector Riande, Itamar Harris (), Edwin Collado, Antony Garcia and Yessica Saez ()
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Hector Riande: Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad Tecnológica de Panamá, Panama City 0819-07289, Panama
Itamar Harris: Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad Tecnológica de Panamá, Panama City 0819-07289, Panama
Edwin Collado: Facultad de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Universidad Tecnológica de Panamá, Panama City 0819-07289, Panama
Antony Garcia: Facultad de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Universidad Tecnológica de Panamá, Panama City 0819-07289, Panama
Yessica Saez: Facultad de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Universidad Tecnológica de Panamá, Panama City 0819-07289, Panama

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 20, 1-20

Abstract: This study presents a numerical investigation of a solar dryer prototype integrated with microencapsulated phase change material (MPCM) for rice drying under tropical climatic conditions. The thermal and drying behavior of the system was evaluated under the following four configurations: a baseline solar dryer, a dryer with MPCM only, a dryer with an auxiliary heater, and a combined system using both MPCM and auxiliary heating. The prototype was also tested with rice layers of 25 mm and 45 mm to assess the influence of layer thickness on drying performance. The results showed that the use of MPCM reduced temperature fluctuations from about Δ T ≈ 70 °C in the baseline case to stabilized values near 33–34 °C (MPCM only) and 35–38 °C (MPCM + heater), contributing to a more stable thermal environment. In thinner layers (25 mm), MPCM helped prevent localized overheating, while in thicker layers (45 mm), it promoted more uniform moisture reduction. However, the overall improvement in drying performance was marginal, as efficiency remained strongly dependent on heater support. The study points out the need for improved integration of PCM within dryer design. Enhanced thermal contact and strategic preheating of MPCM could improve heat discharge during non-solar periods. Future work will focus on experimental validation, design optimization, and the development of preheating strategies to maximize the benefits of PCM-assisted solar drying systems.

Keywords: solar dryer; prototype; phase change material; thermal analysis; auxiliary heater; numerical simulation; rice drying (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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