Comparison and Optimization Path of Quality Control Systems for Direct Carbon Emission Measurement Data in Thermal Power Plants

Jingyu Lei, Feng Chen, Lei Liu, Zilong Liu and Xingchuang Xiong ()
Additional contact information
Jingyu Lei: National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China
Feng Chen: National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China
Lei Liu: Northeast National Metrology and Testing Center, Liaoning Institute of Measurement, Shenyang 110004, China
Zilong Liu: National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China
Xingchuang Xiong: National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 20, 1-39

Abstract: This study systematically compares thermal power direct carbon emission data quality control systems in China, the EU, and the U.S., quantifying differences and proposing optimization strategies. Core results: (1) Regulatory frameworks: The EU’s “Directive-Regulation-Standard” system controls data uncertainty ≤ ±3%; the U.S. “Clean Air Act+40 CFR Parts 75/98” framework achieves Continuous Emission Monitoring System (CEMS) median accuracy ~2% but has regional gaps; China’s 2024 legalization of CEMS data leaves a 32% eastern–western installation gap (~90% vs.~58%). (2) Technical paths: The EU mandates CEMS for units > 20 MW (65% ultrasonic flowmeters); the U.S. uses CEMS for coal-fired (error ≤ 1%) and accounting for gas-fired units; China’s 70% S-type Pitot tubes have 17% error in complex flow fields, while pilot multi-channel ultrasonic flowmeters reach ±1.5%. (3) Mechanisms: The EU’s QAL1-QAL3+AST cuts uncertainty by 40–60%; the U.S. NIST calibration limits cross-plant deviation ≤ 1.5%; China’s big data boosts anomaly identification by 72% but lacks full-process control. (4) China-specific proposals: Mandate CEMS for units > 300 MW, build 3–5 national flue gas platforms by 2026, and offer 60% western equipment subsidies, supporting carbon data quality improvement and international mutual recognition.

Keywords: thermal power plants; carbon emissions; statistical methods; quality control; international comparison (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
References: Add references at CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/20/5482/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/20/5482/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:20:p:5482-:d:1773851

Access Statistics for this article

Energies is currently edited by Ms. Cassie Shen

More articles in Energies from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().