Thermodynamic Assessment of Carbon Capture Integration in Reheat Gas Turbine Combined Cycles Using Transcritical CO 2 and Ammonia–Water Mixtures

Mayank Maheshwari (), Anoop Kumar Shukla (), Pushpendra Kumar Singh Rathore () and Arbind Kumar Amar
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Mayank Maheshwari: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Allenhouse Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208008, Uttar Pradesh, India
Anoop Kumar Shukla: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201313, Uttar Pradesh, India
Pushpendra Kumar Singh Rathore: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur 303007, Rajasthan, India
Arbind Kumar Amar: Department of Mechanical Engineering, B P Mandal College of Engineering, Madhepura 852128, Bihar, India

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 21, 1-29

Abstract: At present, enhancing the first- and second-law efficiencies of power generation cycles is no longer the sole objective of engineers. Increasing attention is now being paid to reducing carbon emissions in the environment and minimizing the time required to recover the costs of the power plant, in addition to improving work output and first- and second-law efficiencies. The present analytical study compares the power generation cycle with and without a carbon capture unit. The combined cycle selected is the reheat gas turbine cycle using an ammonia–water mixture and transcritical carbon dioxide as working fluids in the bottoming cycle. The comparison of both the configurations depicts that at a cycle pressure ratio of 40, an ambient temperature of 303 K, and a turbine inlet temperature of 1600 K, the configuration incorporating the maximum number of ammonia–water turbines in the bottoming cycle yields the highest work output, amounting to 952.3 kJ/kg. The payback period is found to be the longest—approximately 8 years and 4 months for the configuration utilizing transcritical carbon dioxide as the working fluid. The integration of a carbon capture unit results in a reduction in carbon emissions ranging from a minimum of 15% to a maximum of 22.81%. However, a higher operating separation temperature for ammonia and water is observed to degrade the thermodynamic performance across all configurations analyzed.

Keywords: carbon capture; transcritical carbon dioxide; ammonia–water mixture; combined cycle power plant (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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