A Hybrid Strategy Integrating Artificial Neural Networks for Enhanced Energy Production Optimization

Aymen Lachheb, Noureddine Akoubi, Jamel Ben Salem, Lilia El Amraoui () and Amal BaQais
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Aymen Lachheb: Research Laboratory in Smart Electricity and ICT (SE&ICT), LR18ES44, National Engineering School of Carthage, University of Carthage, Charguia II, Tunis 2035, Tunisia
Noureddine Akoubi: Research Laboratory in Smart Electricity and ICT (SE&ICT), LR18ES44, National Engineering School of Carthage, University of Carthage, Charguia II, Tunis 2035, Tunisia
Jamel Ben Salem: Research Laboratory in Smart Electricity and ICT (SE&ICT), LR18ES44, National Engineering School of Carthage, University of Carthage, Charguia II, Tunis 2035, Tunisia
Lilia El Amraoui: Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
Amal BaQais: Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 22, 1-30

Abstract: This paper presents a novel, robust, and reliable control strategy for renewable energy production systems, leveraging artificial neural networks (ANNs) to optimize performance and efficiency. Unlike conventional ANN approaches that rely on perturbation-based methods, we develop a fundamentally different ANN model incorporating equilibrium points (EPs) that achieve superior regulation of photovoltaic (PV) systems. The efficacy of the proposed approach is evaluated through comparative analysis against the conventional control strategy based on perturb and observe (MPPT/PO), demonstrating a 3.3% improvement in system efficiency (98.3% vs. 95%), a five times faster response time (6 s vs. 30 s), and six-fold reduction in voltage ripple (1% vs. 5.95%). A critical aspect of ANN-based controller design is the learning phase, which is addressed through the integration of deep reinforcement learning (DRL) for primary PV system control. Specifically, a hybrid control architecture combining the Artificial Neural Network based on Equilibrium Points (ANN/EP) model with DRL (ANN/PE-RL) is introduced, utilizing a synergistic integration of two reinforcement learning agents: Twin Delayed Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (TD3) and Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG). The TD3-based hybrid approach achieves an average reward value of 434.78 compared to 422.767 for DDPG, representing a 2.84% performance improvement in tracking maximum power points under imbalanced conditions. This hybrid approach demonstrates significant potential for improving the overall performance of grid-connected PV systems, reducing energy losses from 1.95% to below 1%, offering a promising solution for advanced renewable energy management.

Keywords: artificial neural network (ANN); ANN/PE; MPPT/PO; photovoltaic systems; reinforcement learning; agents RL; TD3 and DDGP agents; optimization of energy production (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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