2-Stage Design of E-Moped-Sharing Service for Accessibility, Greenhouse Gas Emissions, and Cost Through Station and Supplier Selections

Seigo Takahashi, Yuki Kinoshita, Nora Schelte, Semih Severengiz and Tetsuo Yamada ()
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Seigo Takahashi: Department of Informatics, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu 182-8585, Tokyo, Japan
Yuki Kinoshita: Department of Informatics, Faculty of Engineering, Kindai University, 1 Takaya Umenobe, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-2116, Hiroshima, Japan
Nora Schelte: Sustainable Technologies Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, Bochum University of Applied Sciences, Am Hochschulcampus 1, 44801 Bochum, Germany
Semih Severengiz: Sustainable Technologies Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, Bochum University of Applied Sciences, Am Hochschulcampus 1, 44801 Bochum, Germany
Tetsuo Yamada: Department of Informatics, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu 182-8585, Tokyo, Japan

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 7, 1-22

Abstract: In recent years, there has been a call for a shift to transportation with lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in order to combat global warming. One of the ecofriendly transportation methods is an electric moped scooter (e-moped)-sharing service that does not emit GHG when it runs. It is necessary to plan the location of charging stations and the material procurement through the manufacturing of e-mopeds in order to reduce the cost and GHG emissions and to improve the accessibility of the service. In this study, a two-stage design on the e-moped-sharing services is proposed to allocate charging stations and select material suppliers for e-mopeds using integer programming. The analysis method to determine the suitable charging station locations and sizes and supplier selection are also presented. Numerical experiments are conducted to illustrate the proposed design and analysis method by assuming Kumpan’s 1954 i model installation in Bochum city, Germany. In the numerical experiments, set covering and maximal covering location problems with small coverage radius of charging stations would be better by evaluating accessibility, GHG emissions, and cost comprehensively. Moreover, 11 prioritized demand points were picked out by introducing new indexes such as geographical and demand importance.

Keywords: carbon neutrality; product life cycle; e-moped-sharing service; life cycle assessment (LCA); set covering location problem; maximal covering location problem; integer programming; supplier selection (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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