Quantifying Website Privacy Posture Through Technical and Policy-Based Assessment

Ioannis Fragkiadakis, Stefanos Gritzalis () and Costas Lambrinoudakis
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Ioannis Fragkiadakis: Department of Digital Systems, University of Piraeus, 18534 Piraeus, Greece
Stefanos Gritzalis: Department of Digital Systems, University of Piraeus, 18534 Piraeus, Greece
Costas Lambrinoudakis: Department of Digital Systems, University of Piraeus, 18534 Piraeus, Greece

Future Internet, 2025, vol. 17, issue 10, 1-19

Abstract: With the rapid growth of digital interactions, safeguarding user privacy on websites has become a critical concern. This paper introduces a comprehensive framework that integrates both technical and policy-based factors to assess a website’s level of privacy protection. The framework employs a scoring system that evaluates key technical elements, such as HTTP security headers, email authentication protocols (SPF, DKIM, DMARC), SSL/TLS certificate usage, domain reputation, DNSSEC, and cookie practices. In parallel, it examines the clarity and GDPR compliance of privacy policies. The resulting score reflects not only the technical strength of a website’s defenses but also the transparency with which data processing practices are communicated to users. To demonstrate its effectiveness, the framework was applied to two similarly sized private hospitals, generating comparative privacy scores under a unified metric. The results confirm the framework’s value in producing measurable insights that enable cross-organizational privacy benchmarking. By combining policy evaluation with technical analysis, this work addresses a significant gap in existing research and offers a reproducible, extensible methodology for assessing website privacy posture from a visitor’s perspective.

Keywords: website privacy evaluation; GDPR compliance; privacy scoring system; privacy policy assessment (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O3 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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