A3C-R: A QoS-Oriented Energy-Saving Routing Algorithm for Software-Defined Networks

Sunan Wang, Rong Song (), Xiangyu Zheng, Wanwei Huang and Hongchang Liu
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Sunan Wang: College of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Shenzhen 518005, China
Rong Song: College of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Shenzhen 518005, China
Xiangyu Zheng: College of Computer Engineering and Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
Wanwei Huang: College of Software Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450007, China
Hongchang Liu: College of Software Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450007, China

Future Internet, 2025, vol. 17, issue 4, 1-17

Abstract: With the rapid growth of Internet applications and network traffic, existing routing algorithms are usually difficult to guarantee the quality of service (QoS) indicators such as delay, bandwidth, and packet loss rate as well as network energy consumption for various data flows with business characteristics. They have problems such as unbalanced traffic scheduling and unreasonable network resource allocation. Aiming at the above problems, this paper proposes a QoS-oriented energy-saving routing algorithm A3C-R in the software-defined network (SDN) environment. Based on the asynchronous update advantages of the asynchronous advantage Actor-Critic (A3C) algorithm and the advantages of independent interaction between multiple agents and the environment, the A3C-R algorithm can effectively improve the convergence of the routing algorithm. The process of the A3C-R algorithm first takes QoS indicators such as delay, bandwidth, and packet loss rate and the network energy consumption of the link as input. Then, it creates multiple agents to start asynchronous training, through the continuous updating of Actors and Critics in each agent and periodically synchronizes the model parameters to the global model. After the algorithm training converges, it can output the link weights of the network topology to facilitate the calculation of intelligent routing strategies that meet QoS requirements and lower network energy consumption. The experimental results indicate that the A3C-R algorithm, compared to the baseline algorithms ECMP, I-DQN, and DDPG-EEFS, reduces delay by approximately 9.4%, increases throughput by approximately 7.0%, decreases the packet loss rate by approximately 9.5%, and improves energy-saving percentage by approximately 10.8%.

Keywords: A3C; QoS; SDN; energy saving; routing strategy (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O3 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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