Histological Changes in Gills of Two Fish Species as Indicators of Water Quality in Jansen Lagoon (São Luís, Maranhão State, Brazil)

Débora M. S. Santos, Mércia Regina S. Melo, Denise Carla S. Mendes, Iolanda Karoline B. S. Rocha, Jakeline Priscila L. Silva, Sildiane M. Cantanhêde and Paulo C. Meletti
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Débora M. S. Santos: Departamento de Química e Biologia, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, São Luís—MA, 65055-000, Brazil
Mércia Regina S. Melo: Departamento de Química e Biologia, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, São Luís—MA, 65055-000, Brazil
Denise Carla S. Mendes: Departamento de Química e Biologia, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, São Luís—MA, 65055-000, Brazil
Iolanda Karoline B. S. Rocha: Departamento de Química e Biologia, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, São Luís—MA, 65055-000, Brazil
Jakeline Priscila L. Silva: Departamento de Química e Biologia, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, São Luís—MA, 65055-000, Brazil
Sildiane M. Cantanhêde: Departamento de Química e Biologia, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, São Luís—MA, 65055-000, Brazil
Paulo C. Meletti: Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, PR, 86057-970, Brazil

IJERPH, 2014, vol. 11, issue 12, 1-11

Abstract: Water quality of the Jansen Lagoon (São Luís, Maranhão State, Brazil) was assessed through histological biomarkers and microbiological parameters. To this end, 29 fish specimens (11 Centropomus undecimalis and 18 Sardinella sp) and eight water samples were collected during the rainy and dry periods of 2013. The lagoon water showed thermotolerant coliform indices above the limit set forth in CONAMA Resolution 357/2005. Histological changes observed in the gills were: lifting of the respiratory epithelium, hyperplasia of the lamellar epithelium, incomplete and complete fusion of several lamellae, disorganization of the lamellae, congestion of blood vessels, aneurysms, hypertrophy of the respiratory epithelium, hemorrhage and rupture of the lamellar epithelium and parasite. The histological alteration index (HAI) average value to Sardinella sp was 31.8 and to C. undecimalis was 22.2. The average HAI value in both species corresponds to category 21–50, with tissue injuries being classified from moderate to severe. The presence of histological injuries and the HAI values indicate that the fish sampled from the Jansen Lagoon are reacting to non-specific xenobiotics present at the site.

Keywords: Centropomus undecimalis; Sardinella sp.; lagoon environment; histological biomarkers (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2014
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