Geographical Distribution Patterns of Iodine in Drinking-Water and Its Associations with Geological Factors in Shandong Province, China

Jie Gao, Zhijie Zhang, Yi Hu, Jianchao Bian, Wen Jiang, Xiaoming Wang, Liqian Sun and Qingwu Jiang
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Jie Gao: Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
Zhijie Zhang: Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
Yi Hu: Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
Jianchao Bian: Shandong Institute of Prevention and Control for Endemic Disease, Jinan 250014, China
Wen Jiang: Shandong Institute of Prevention and Control for Endemic Disease, Jinan 250014, China
Xiaoming Wang: Shandong Institute of Prevention and Control for Endemic Disease, Jinan 250014, China
Liqian Sun: Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
Qingwu Jiang: Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China

IJERPH, 2014, vol. 11, issue 5, 1-14

Abstract: County-based spatial distribution characteristics and the related geological factors for iodine in drinking-water were studied in Shandong Province (China). Spatial autocorrelation analysis and spatial scan statistic were applied to analyze the spatial characteristics. Generalized linear models (GLMs) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) studies were conducted to explore the relationship between water iodine level and its related geological factors. The spatial distribution of iodine in drinking-water was significantly heterogeneous in Shandong Province (Moran’s I = 0.52, Z = 7.4, p < 0.001). Two clusters for high iodine in drinking-water were identified in the south-western and north-western parts of Shandong Province by the purely spatial scan statistic approach. Both GLMs and GWR indicated a significantly global association between iodine in drinking-water and geological factors. Furthermore, GWR showed obviously spatial variability across the study region. Soil type and distance to Yellow River were statistically significant at most areas of Shandong Province, confirming the hypothesis that the Yellow River causes iodine deposits in Shandong Province. Our results suggested that the more effective regional monitoring plan and water improvement strategies should be strengthened targeting at the cluster areas based on the characteristics of geological factors and the spatial variability of local relationships between iodine in drinking-water and geological factors.

Keywords: iodine; risk factors; spatial epidemiology; geographic information system (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2014
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