Association between Urine Phthalate Levels and Poor Attentional Performance in Children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder with Evidence of Dopamine Gene-Phthalate Interaction

Subin Park, Bung-Nyun Kim, Soo-Churl Cho, Yeni Kim, Jae-Won Kim, Ju-Young Lee, Soon-Beom Hong, Min-Sup Shin, Hee Jeong Yoo, Hosub Im, Jae Hoon Cheong and Doug Hyun Han
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Subin Park: Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National Hospital, Seoul 110-744, Korea
Bung-Nyun Kim: College of Medicine and Behavioral Medicine Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-744, Korea
Soo-Churl Cho: College of Medicine and Behavioral Medicine Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-744, Korea
Yeni Kim: Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National Hospital, Seoul 110-744, Korea
Jae-Won Kim: College of Medicine and Behavioral Medicine Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-744, Korea
Ju-Young Lee: College of Medicine and Behavioral Medicine Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-744, Korea
Soon-Beom Hong: College of Medicine and Behavioral Medicine Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-744, Korea
Min-Sup Shin: College of Medicine and Behavioral Medicine Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-744, Korea
Hee Jeong Yoo: College of Medicine and Behavioral Medicine Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-744, Korea
Hosub Im: Center for Life and Environmental Science, Neodin Medical Institute, Seoul 110-744, Korea
Jae Hoon Cheong: Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Sahmyook University, Seoul 110-744, Korea
Doug Hyun Han: Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Chung Ang University, Seoul 110-744, Korea

IJERPH, 2014, vol. 11, issue 7, 1-14

Abstract: Although there is some evidence supporting the existence of an association between prenatal maternal or postnatal child’s urine phthalate metabolite concentrations and poor attentional performances, the interaction between urine phthalate metabolite levels and genetic variation for neuropsychological deficit of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has not been examined. The aim of this study was to determine whether phthalate metabolites in urine are associated with poor neuropsychological performance in children with ADHD, and whether such association is affected by genotype-phthalate interaction. A cross-sectional examination of urine phthalate metabolite concentrations and the continuous performance test (CPT) were performed in 179 Korean children with ADHD recruited from department of psychiatry of university hospital. Correlations between urine phthalate metabolite concentrations and the CPT scores were investigated, and the interaction of phthalate metabolite levels with the selected polymorphisms at major candidate genes for ADHD, namely dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4), dopamine transporter, ?-2A-adrenergic receptor, and norepinephrine transporter genes. For the subjects with the DRD4 4/4 genotype, there were significant associations of the urine phthalate metabolite concentrations with the number of omission errors, the number of commission errors, and the response time variability scores on the CPT. However, for the subjects without the DRD4 4/4 genotype, no significant associations were found. The results of this study suggest a possible association between phthalate metabolite concentrations and poor attentional performances of ADHD as well as a genetic influence on this association. Further prospective and epigenetic studies are needed to investigate causality and pathophysiological mechanisms.

Keywords: phthalate; attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder; neuropsychology; dopamine (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2014
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