Economic Freedom, Education and CO 2 Emissions: A Causality Analysis for EU Member States

Gamze Sart, Yilmaz Bayar, Marina Danilina and Funda Hatice Sezgin
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Gamze Sart: Department of Educational Sciences, Hasan Ali Yucel Faculty of Education, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, İstanbul 34500, Türkiye
Yilmaz Bayar: Department of Public Finance, Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University, Bandirma-Balikesir 10200, Türkiye
Marina Danilina: Department of Economics, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics (PRUE), 117997 Moscow, Russia
Funda Hatice Sezgin: Department of Industrial Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, İstanbul 34500, Türkiye

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 13, 1-14

Abstract: Environmental sustainability is one of three pillars of sustainability. However, a significant worldwide deterioration in the environment has been experienced since the Industrial Revolution, but the efforts to protect the environment date back to the 1970s. In this context, many economic and non-economic factors underlying environmental degradation have been investigated until today, but the influence of economic freedom indicators and education on the environment have been relatively less analyzed and the researchers have mainly focused on the influence of economic and institutional variables on the environment. Therefore, this paper investigates the reciprocal interplay among economic freedom indicators, education, and environment in EU member states over the 2000–2018 term by using a causality test with cross-sectional dependency and heterogeneity and taking the research gap into consideration. The causality analysis indicates that market-oriented economic structure and education can be beneficial in combatting environmental degradation.

Keywords: economic freedom; government size; international trade freedom; education; environmental sustainability; CO 2 emissions; panel causality test (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (7)

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