Prevalence and Factors Associated with Anaemia and Undernutrition Among Children Aged 6–24 Months in Rural Tanzania

Naelijwa Mshanga (), Sally Moore, Neema Kassim, Carolyn I. Auma, Yun Yun Gong and Haikael D. Martin
Additional contact information
Naelijwa Mshanga: School of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha P.O. Box 447, Tanzania
Sally Moore: School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
Neema Kassim: School of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha P.O. Box 447, Tanzania
Carolyn I. Auma: School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
Yun Yun Gong: School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
Haikael D. Martin: School of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha P.O. Box 447, Tanzania

IJERPH, 2025, vol. 22, issue 6, 1-15

Abstract: Background: Anaemia and undernutrition remain a significant public health problem in low and middle-income countries (LMICs), particularly affecting under-five children. In Tanzania, the prevalence of anaemia and undernutrition in under-five children is still high; however, less is known about the prevalence and predictors of these conditions in rural areas. Therefore, the current cross-sectional study presents the prevalence and determinants of anaemia and undernutrition among 457 children aged 6–24 months in the Babati and Hanang districts of Tanzania. Method: Haemoglobin concentration was assessed through capillary blood samples. Anaemia was classified according to WHO 2011 guidelines using a cut-off of <11.0 g/dL for children under five, while the WHO 2006 growth indicators were used to classify the nutritional status (i.e., stunting, wasting and underweight). Results: The results from this study show that 32%, 32%, 20% and 4% of children aged 6–24 months were anaemic, stunted, underweight and wasted, respectively, while only 33% had an adequate minimum dietary diversity (MDD). In addition, the child’s age (13–24 months) was significantly associated with anaemia (AOR: 2.1 95% CI 1.4, 3.1), stunting (AOR:17.4 95% CI 10.3, 29.4) and underweight (AOR: 15.9 95% CI 7.9, 32.0). Moreover, male children were three times more likely to be wasted (AOR: 3.5 95% CI 1.1, 10.9) than their female counterparts. Anaemia and stunting were the most prevalent nutritional disorders among 6–24-month-old children in the Hanang and Babati districts. Moreover, age (13–24 months) was found to be the common predictor for anaemia, stunting and underweight. Conclusion: The observed association between age and anaemia, as well as undernutrition, suggest that age may be an essential factor when designing nutrition-related programs in similar rural settings.

Keywords: Tanzania; 6–24 months old; anaemia; undernutrition (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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