Personalised Nutrition Approaches in the Prevention and Management of Type 2 Diabetes: A Narrative Review of Evidence and Practice

Mabitsela Mphasha () and Tebogo Mothiba
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Mabitsela Mphasha: Department of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Limpopo, Polokwane 0727, South Africa
Tebogo Mothiba: Deputy Vice Chancelor Research, Innovation and Partnerships, University of Limpopo, Polokwane 0700, South Africa

IJERPH, 2025, vol. 22, issue 7, 1-14

Abstract: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains a significant global public health concern, largely driven by poor dietary habits, physical inactivity, and rising obesity rates. In recent years, personalised nutrition (PN) emerged as a promising approach to T2DM prevention and management. This narrative review synthesises current evidence on tailored dietary strategies, including the glycaemic index (GI), glycaemic load (GL), food insulin index (FII), and precision nutrition tools. It further explores their impact on glycaemic control, insulin sensitivity, and adherence to dietary interventions. A structured review of peer-reviewed and grey literature was conducted, taking into account behavioural, cultural, and systemic implementation factors. Although evidence supports the efficacy of PN in improving metabolic outcomes, implementation in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) remains limited due to infrastructural, financial, and contextual challenges. This review emphasises the need for context-specific, scalable solutions integrated into primary healthcare systems.

Keywords: type 2 diabetes mellitus; personalised nutrition; glycaemic index; glycaemic load; food insulin index; glycaemic control; precision nutrition; dietary intervention (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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