Parental Attitudes to Risky Play and Children’s Independent Mobility: Public Health Implications for Children in Ireland

Fiona Armstrong (), Michael Joseph Barrett, David Gaul and Lorraine D’Arcy
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Fiona Armstrong: School of Global Business, Technological University Dublin, D15 YV78 Dublin, Ireland
Michael Joseph Barrett: Paediatric Emergency Research and Innovation (PERI), Department of Paediatric Emergency Medicine, Children’s Health Ireland, D12 N512 Dublin, Ireland
David Gaul: School of Global Business, Technological University Dublin, D15 YV78 Dublin, Ireland
Lorraine D’Arcy: Sustainability Action Research Lead, The Clocktower Grangegorman, Technological University Dublin, D01 K822 Dublin, Ireland

IJERPH, 2025, vol. 22, issue 7, 1-25

Abstract: Background: Understanding the determinants of children’s outdoor play is an important element for child development and broader public health outcomes. There is growing evidence that children’s opportunities for play, particularly outdoor risky play, are diminishing. Parents are concerned with keeping their child safe while affording them independence to play. This study explored parents’ attitudes to risky play and practices around children’s independent mobility in Ireland with the aim of informing public health strategies promoting healthy childhood environments. Methods: An online survey comprising validated scales and standardised questions was completed by a nationally represented sample of 376 parents of children up to 16 years. Data was analysed via descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and regression analysis. Results: A total of 376 participants accessed the survey, of which 349 completed it. A total of 84% of participants were female. A total of 74% agreed that children need regular exposure to actual risk to develop risk management skills, and 71% trusted their children to play safely. Chi-square tests reveal significant associations between outdoor play in the rain and school travel ( p < 0.01), and appropriate age to begin activities at home and in educational settings ( p < 0.05). A moderate association was found between the method of school travel and children’s permission to play in the rain (Cramer’s V = 0.51). Respondents considered supervision to be a necessity to ensure their children’s safety. Overall, the results indicate that parents were risk-averse in three of the six categories of risky play, namely, play near dangerous elements, play with adult tools, and out-of-sight play. Conclusions: This study presents a descriptive analysis of findings from the Ireland State of Play Survey. Findings indicate that although parents recognise the benefits of risky play, there is some contradiction between parental attitudes and actual practices, with a lack of willingness or confidence in permitting their children to participate in all such activities.

Keywords: risky play; parents; outdoor play; child safety (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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