Evolving Cultural and Historical Landscapes of Northwestern Colchis during the Medieval Period: Physical Environment and Urban Decline Causes

Galina Trebeleva (), Andrey Kizilov, Vasiliy Lobkovskiy and Gleb Yurkov
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Galina Trebeleva: Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117292 Moscow, Russia
Andrey Kizilov: Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 354002 Sochi, Russia
Vasiliy Lobkovskiy: Institute of Geography of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119017 Moscow, Russia
Gleb Yurkov: N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center of Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia

Land, 2022, vol. 11, issue 12, 1-17

Abstract: In Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages, both coastal and sub-mountainous parts of Colchis underwent rapid urbanization. In the 12th century, the processes of decline began: Large settlements were replaced by small farmsteads with light wooden buildings, and the economy transformed from commodity-based to subsistence-based. What caused this decline? Was it the social and political events linked to the decline of the Byzantine Empire and changes to world trade routes, or were there other reasons? This article provides the answer. The synergy of archaeological, folkloristic, historical cartographic, climatological, seismological, and hydrological data depicts a strong link between these processes and climate change, which occurred at the turn of the 12th–13th centuries. The beginning of cooling led to a crisis in agriculture. A decline in both farming and cattle breeding could not fail to affect demography. Seismic activity, noted in the same period, led to the destruction of many buildings, including temples, and fortresses, and changes in hydrological networks, which were directly linked to climate change and caused water logging, led to a loss of the functions of coastal areas and their disappearance.

Keywords: Colchis; archaeology; GIS; settlement patterns; urbanization; physical environment; seismic activity; hydrological networks; climate change (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q15 Q2 Q24 Q28 Q5 R14 R52 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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