Modeling Spatiotemporal Dynamics and Driving Mechanisms of Ecosystem Services Bundles in Resource-Based Cities: Supply–Demand Mismatch in Xingtai, China

Ruohan Wang, Keyu Luo, Qiuhua He, Le Xia, Zhenyu Wang (), Chen Yang and Miaomiao Xie
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Ruohan Wang: School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
Keyu Luo: School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
Qiuhua He: Technology Innovation Center for Ecological Conservation and Restoration in Dongting Lake Basin, Ministry of Natural Resources, Changsha 410029, China
Le Xia: Technology Innovation Center for Ecological Conservation and Restoration in Dongting Lake Basin, Ministry of Natural Resources, Changsha 410029, China
Zhenyu Wang: School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
Chen Yang: Real Estate Registration Center, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100034, China
Miaomiao Xie: School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China

Land, 2025, vol. 14, issue 11, 1-25

Abstract: The sustainable development of resource-based cities faces challenges due to the imbalance between ecosystem service supply and demand. This study examines Xingtai, a typical resource-based city located in northern China, using ecosystem service bundle theory to analyze the supply–demand relationships of six ecosystem services—water yield, soil retention, habitat quality, urban cooling, PM 2.5 removal, and carbon sequestration—from 2000 to 2020. Based on the ratio of supply–demand, we identify ecosystem service bundles and explore their driving factors using redundancy analysis (RDA) and the geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR) model. Results show a clear “mountain–plain” supply gradient, with high supply in the western Taihang Mountains and low supply in urbanized eastern plains. Demand follows a “center-high, periphery-low” pattern, with urban centers showing higher demand for urban cooling and PM 2.5 removal. A severe supply–demand imbalance exists: soil retention, PM 2.5 removal, habitat quality, and carbon sequestration are undersupplied in urbanized areas, while water yield and urban cooling are oversupplied in the western mountains. Natural factors (precipitation and temperature) shape western mountain supply, while human activities (GDP and nighttime light) drive demand polarization in the east. GTWR results reveal that urban GDP growth and land expansion intensify demand, while stable supply in mountain areas relies on precipitation and forest cover. This study provides scientific support for the sustainable development of resource-based cities.

Keywords: resource-based city; ecosystem service supply and demand; ecosystem service bundles; spatiotemporal evolution; driving factors (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q15 Q2 Q24 Q28 Q5 R14 R52 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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