Maximum Power Extraction of Photovoltaic Systems Using Dynamic Sliding Mode Control and Sliding Observer

Ali Karami-Mollaee and Oscar Barambones ()
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Ali Karami-Mollaee: Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar 9617976487, Iran
Oscar Barambones: Automatic Control and System Engineering Department, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Nieves Cano 12, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain

Mathematics, 2025, vol. 13, issue 14, 1-22

Abstract: In this paper, a robust optimized controller is implemented in the photovoltaic generator system (PVGS). The PVGS is composed of individual photovoltaic (PV) cells, which convert solar energy to electrical energy. To optimize the efficiency of the PVGS under variable solar irradiance and temperatures, a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller is necessary. Additionally, the PVGS output voltage is typically low for many applications. To achieve the MPPT and to gain the output voltage, an increasing boost converter (IBC) is employed. Then, two issues should be considered in MPPT. At first, a smooth control signal for adjusting the duty cycle of the IBC is important. Another critical issue is the PVGS and IBC unknown sections, i.e., the total system uncertainty. Therefore, to address the system uncertainties and to regulate the smooth duty cycle of the converter, a robust dynamic sliding mode control (DSMC) is proposed. In DSMC, a low-pass integrator is placed before the system to suppress chattering and to produce a smooth actuator signal. However, this integrator increases the system states, and hence, a sliding mode observer (SMO) is proposed to estimate this additional state. The stability of the proposed control scheme is demonstrated using the Lyapunov theory. Finally, to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method and provide a reliable comparison, conventional sliding mode control (CSMC) with the same proposed SMO is also implemented.

Keywords: photovoltaic generator system (PVGS); dynamic sliding mode control (DSMC); sliding mode observer (SMO); maximum power point tracking (MPPT); increasing boost converter (IBC) (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: C (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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