Efficient Nyström-Based Unitary Single-Tone 2D DOA Estimation for URA Signals

Liping Yuan, Ke Wang and Fengkai Luan ()
Additional contact information
Liping Yuan: School of Information Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
Ke Wang: School of Information Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
Fengkai Luan: School of Information Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China

Mathematics, 2025, vol. 13, issue 15, 1-15

Abstract: We propose an efficient Nyström-based unitary subspace method for low-complexity two-dimensional (2D) direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation in uniform rectangular array (URA) signal processing systems. The conventional high-resolution DOA estimation methods often suffer from excessive computational complexity, particularly when dealing with large-scale antenna arrays. The proposed method addresses this challenge by combining the Nyström approximation with a unitary transformation to reduce the computational burden while maintaining estimation accuracy. The signal subspace is approximated using a partitioned covariance matrix, and a real-valued transformation is applied to further simplify the eigenvalue decomposition (EVD) process. Furthermore, the linear prediction coefficients are estimated via a weighted least squares (WLS) approach, enabling robust extraction of the angular parameters. The 2D DOA estimates are then derived from these coefficients through a closed-form solution, eliminating the need for exhaustive spectral searches. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the proposed method achieves comparable estimation performance to state-of-the-art techniques while significantly reducing computational complexity. For a fixed array size of M = N = 20 , the proposed method demonstrates significant computational efficiency, requiring less than 50 % of the running time compared to conventional ESPRIT, and only 6 % of the time required by ML methods, while maintaining similar performance. This makes it particularly suitable for real-time applications where computational efficiency is critical. The novelty lies in the integration of Nyström approximation and unitary subspace techniques, which jointly enable efficient and accurate 2D DOA estimation without sacrificing robustness against noise. The method is applicable to a wide range of array processing scenarios, including radar, sonar, and wireless communications.

Keywords: DOA estimation; SVD; uniform rectangular array; Nyström method; unitary method (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: C (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
References: Add references at CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/13/15/2335/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/13/15/2335/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jmathe:v:13:y:2025:i:15:p:2335-:d:1707402

Access Statistics for this article

Mathematics is currently edited by Ms. Emma He

More articles in Mathematics from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().