The Resistance Distance Is a Diffusion Distance on a Graph

Ernesto Estrada ()
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Ernesto Estrada: Institute for Cross-Disciplinary Physics and Complex Systems (IFISC), CSIC-UIB, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain

Mathematics, 2025, vol. 13, issue 15, 1-13

Abstract: The resistance distance is a squared Euclidean metric on the vertices of a graph derived from the consideration of a graph as an electrical circuit. Its connection with the commute time of a random walker on the graph has made it particularly appealing for the analysis of networks. Here, we prove that the resistance distance is given by a difference of “mass concentrations” obtained at the vertices of a graph by a diffusive process. The nature of this diffusive process is characterized here by means of an operator corresponding to the matrix logarithm of a Perron-like matrix based on the pseudoinverse of the graph Laplacian. We prove also that this operator is indeed the Laplacian matrix of a signed version of the original graph, in which nonnearest neighbors’ “interactions” are also considered. In this way, the resistance distance is part of a family of squared Euclidean distances emerging from diffusive dynamics on graphs.

Keywords: effective resistance; graph Laplacian; diffusion on graphs; matrix functions; matrix logarithm (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: C (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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