Perceptions of Care in Residential Facilities According to Functional Dependency: A Phenomenological Approach Centred on Older Adults’ Dignity

Sara Fernández-Ming, María Carmen Martín-Cano (), Marta García-Domingo and Adrián Jesús Ricoy-Cano
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Sara Fernández-Ming: University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
María Carmen Martín-Cano: Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Work, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain
Marta García-Domingo: Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Work, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain
Adrián Jesús Ricoy-Cano: Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Work, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain

Societies, 2025, vol. 15, issue 10, 1-19

Abstract: Population ageing and the increase in life expectancy have heightened the demand for long-term care in residential facilities. In Spain, it is projected that by 2054 the functional dependency rate among those aged 65 and over will exceed 53.0%, posing significant challenges for person-centred care. This study aims to examine institutionalised older adults’ perceptions of care in relation to their functional dependency, and how these perceptions shape their dignity and participation in residential life. A qualitative study with a phenomenological approach was conducted in a residential facility located in the north-east of Andalusia, Spain, involving eight residents with varying degrees of autonomy and dependency. Data were collected through individual semi-structured interviews and analysed using Colaizzi’s phenomenological method. The findings revealed that, as dependency increases, care is perceived as more impersonal, generating feelings of diminished dignity and greater exclusion. In addition, limitations were observed in communication and participation in residential life. Respect for privacy and personal preferences was particularly relevant for women. The study concludes that the care received is conditioned by the degree of dependency and the resources available. It is recommended to enhance staff training, increase staffing levels, and promote the active participation of residents.

Keywords: older adults; institutional care; functional dependency; perceived dignity; phenomenological approach; person-centered care (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: A13 A14 P P0 P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 Z1 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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