Seasonal Temperature Fluctuations Differently Affect the Immune and Biochemical Parameters of Diploid and Triploid Oncorhynchus mykiss Cage-Cultured in Temperate Latitudes

Andreia C. M. Rodrigues, Carlos Gravato, Carlos J. M. Silva, Sílvia F. S. Pires, Ana P. L. Costa, Luís E. C. Conceição, Paulo Santos, Benjamín Costas, José Calheiros, Manuela Castro-Cunha, Amadeu M. V. M. Soares and Rui J. M. Rocha
Additional contact information
Andreia C. M. Rodrigues: CESAM—Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar & Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
Carlos Gravato: Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa & CESAM, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
Carlos J. M. Silva: CESAM—Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar & Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
Sílvia F. S. Pires: CESAM—Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar & Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
Ana P. L. Costa: CESAM—Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar & Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
Luís E. C. Conceição: Sparos, Lda. Área Empresarial de Marim, Lote C, 8700-221 Olhão, Portugal
Paulo Santos: Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Universidade do Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
Benjamín Costas: Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Universidade do Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
José Calheiros: A. Coelho & Castro Lda. Praça Luís de Camões, 4490-441 Póvoa de Varzim, Portugal
Manuela Castro-Cunha: A. Coelho & Castro Lda. Praça Luís de Camões, 4490-441 Póvoa de Varzim, Portugal
Amadeu M. V. M. Soares: CESAM—Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar & Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
Rui J. M. Rocha: CESAM—Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar & Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal

Sustainability, 2020, vol. 12, issue 21, 1-15

Abstract: In the coming decades, and despite advances in the selection of resistant strains and the production of triploid organisms, the temperature could seriously affect salmonid aquaculture. Lower environmental tolerance has been hinted at for triploids, but the physiological mechanisms leading to such differences, and whether they are translated to the individual level, are poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of seasonal variations on the humoral and immune status in the blood (peripheral blood leukocytes) and plasma (antiprotease, lysozyme and peroxidase activities), the oxidative stress (catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, total glutathione and lipid peroxidation) balance in the liver, and the energy budget (sugars, lipids, proteins and energy production) in the liver and muscle of diploid and triploid Oncorhynchus mykiss . Leukocytes’ numbers changed with the water temperature and differed between fish ploidies. Peroxidase activity was increased in the summer, but lysozyme and antiprotease activities were increased in the winter. Concomitantly, antioxidant defenses were significantly altered seasonally, increasing oxidative damage at higher temperatures. Moreover, warmer waters induced a reduction in the energy production measured in the liver. Differences in feed efficiency, which have been previously reported, were confirmed by the low lipid and protein contents of the muscle of the triploids. In sum, the inherent trade-offs to deal with the seasonal changes culminated in the higher growth observed for diploid fish.

Keywords: rainbow trout ploidy; water temperature; immunology; oxidative stress responses; energy budget (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
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