Hierarchical Fusion Process of Destination Image Formation: Targeting on Urban Tourism Destination

Xuhui Zhang, Chen Zhang, Yanan Li, Ziyu Xu and Zhenfang Huang
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Xuhui Zhang: School of Geographical Science, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, China
Chen Zhang: School of Geographical Science, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, China
Yanan Li: School of Geographical Science, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, China
Ziyu Xu: School of Geographical Science, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, China
Zhenfang Huang: School of Geographical Science, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, China

Sustainability, 2021, vol. 13, issue 21, 1-19

Abstract: Image has been widely accepted as a combination of perceived elements that are commonly discrete and static ones. ‘Discrete’ means that the elements are treated as separate ones with each other, with no interactions among them. ‘Static’ means that the elements would not be changed into other forms in the process of destination image formation. This study, thinking outside the box, tries to explore destination image formation through perceived elements and take their interactions and corresponding changes into account. Machine learning, as the core of artificial intelligence, is applied for data analysis in this study. Urban tourism destinations are targeted because of their variety and abundance of perceived elements. Data are collected from both interview and questionnaire surveys of tourists. Through several phases of analysis, this study finally finds that perceived elements do interact with each other and change into new forms level by level in tourism destination image formation. Specifically, there are four levels from bottom to top in the whole process of destination image formation, i.e., the individual-landscape layer, compound-atmosphere layer, dual-factor layer, and overall-image layer. In the bottom stage, elements are commonly numerous, separate, and concrete. With the interactive effects of the elements, they integrate with each other and generate some new forms in higher levels, which would be more general and abstract. Based on the findings, the dynamic fusion process and pyramid hierarchy of destination image formation are disclosed. This study explores destination image formation from a new perspective, considering perceived elements within a dynamic, synthetic system, and therefore provides practical insights into destination image construction in a more comprehensive and targeted way.

Keywords: destination image formation; perceived element; interactive effect; hierarchical structure; fusion process; urban tourism destination; machine learning (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (2)

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