Three-Dimensional Analysis of Air-Admission Orifices in Pipelines during Hydraulic Drainage Events

Duban A. Paternina-Verona (), Oscar E. Coronado-Hernández, Hector G. Espinoza-Román, Mohsen Besharat, Vicente S. Fuertes-Miquel and Helena M. Ramos
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Duban A. Paternina-Verona: Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar, Cartagena 131001, Colombia
Oscar E. Coronado-Hernández: Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar, Cartagena 131001, Colombia
Hector G. Espinoza-Román: Grupo INMEDIT S.A.S., Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena 130001, Colombia
Mohsen Besharat: School of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
Vicente S. Fuertes-Miquel: Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
Helena M. Ramos: Department of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Georesources, CERIS, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal

Sustainability, 2022, vol. 14, issue 21, 1-14

Abstract: Air valves operate as protection devices in pipelines during drainage processes in order to mitigate vacuum pressures and control the transient flows. Currently, different authors have proposed one-dimensional models to predict the behaviour of orifices during filling and draining events, which offer good numerical results. However, the three-dimensional dynamic behaviour of air-admission orifices during drainage processes has not been studied in depth in the literature. In this research, the effects of air inflow on an orifice installed in a single pipe during drainage events are analysed using a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics model by testing orifices with diameters of 1.5 and 3.0 mm. This model was validated with different experimental measurements associated to the vacuum pressure, obtaining good fits. The three-dimensional model predicts additional information associated to the aerodynamic effects that occur during the air-admission processes, which is studied. Subsonic flows are observed in different orifices with Mach numbers between 0.18 and 0.30. In addition, it is shown that the larger-diameter orifice ensures a more effective airflow control compared to the smaller-diameter orifice.

Keywords: air inflow; orifice; vacuum pressure; three-dimensional model (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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