Status of Pesticide Usage on Golf Courses in Korea and Optimal Pesticide Usage Plan

Hong-gil Lee, Min-Suk Kim, Jee young Kim, Hyun-Koo Kim, Hyeong-Wook Jo, Joon-Kwan Moon and Ji-In Kim
Additional contact information
Hong-gil Lee: Soil and Groundwater Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Korea
Min-Suk Kim: Soil and Groundwater Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Korea
Jee young Kim: Soil and Groundwater Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Korea
Hyun-Koo Kim: Soil and Groundwater Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Korea
Hyeong-Wook Jo: Hansalim Agro-Food Analysis Center, Hankyong National University Industry Academic Cooperation Foundation, Suwon 16500, Korea
Joon-Kwan Moon: The School of Applied Science in Natural Resources and Environment, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Korea
Ji-In Kim: Soil and Groundwater Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Korea

Sustainability, 2022, vol. 14, issue 9, 1-14

Abstract: Risks to human health and the environment owing to pesticide usage have arisen interest, increasing the demand for reducing pesticide consumption used on golf courses. However, standard guidelines or manuals for reducing pesticide usage on golf courses in Korea are lacking. Herein, the trends of pesticides on golf courses were investigated, and the optimal pesticide usage plan was proposed for continuous pesticide reduction. In 2019, there were 539 golf courses in Korea. With the increasing number of golf courses in 2010–2019, pesticide usage increased continuously. Fungicides accounted for more than half the pesticides used, followed by insecticides and herbicides. Except for golf courses that do not employ chemical pesticides, pesticide usage per unit area varied in the range of 0.02–65.81 kg ha −1 (average of 6.97 kg ha −1 ). In the US, best management practices and integrated pest management (IPM) have been stipulated and are operational in each state for pesticide management in golf courses, recognizing chemical pesticide usage to be the last approach for pest control and turf health maintenance. Considering that Korea globally ranks 10th in the number of golf facilities and courses, the establishment of IPM practices suitable for domestic conditions is essential.

Keywords: best management practice; integrated pest management; pyramid tactic; resilience adaptive cycle; threshold (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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