A Comprehensive Sustainability Assessment of Battery Electric Vehicles, Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles, and Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles through a Comparative Circular Economy Assessment Approach

Aser Alaa Ahmed, Mohammad A. Nazzal (), Basil M. Darras and Ibrahim M. Deiab
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Aser Alaa Ahmed: Mechanical Engineering Department, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah 26666, United Arab Emirates
Mohammad A. Nazzal: Mechanical Engineering Department, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah 26666, United Arab Emirates
Basil M. Darras: Mechanical Engineering Department, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah 26666, United Arab Emirates
Ibrahim M. Deiab: School of Engineering, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. E, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada

Sustainability, 2022, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-25

Abstract: Transitioning to zero-emission vehicles (ZEVs) is thought to substantially curb emissions, promoting sustainable development. However, the extent of the problem extends beyond tailpipe emissions. To facilitate decision-making and planning of future infrastructural developments, the economic, social, and technological factors of ZEVs should also be addressed. Therefore, this work implements the circular economy paradigm to identify the most suitable vehicle type that can accelerate sustainable development by calculating circularity scores for Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles (ICEVs) and two ZEVs, the Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs), and Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEVs). The circularity assessment presents a novel assessment procedure that interrelates the environmental, economic, social, and technological implications of each vehicle type on the three implementation levels of the circular economy (i.e., The macro, meso, and micro levels). The results of our analysis suggest that not all ZEVs are considered sustainable alternatives to ICEVs. BEVs scored the highest relative circularity score of 36.8% followed by ICEVs and FCEVs scoring 32.9% and 30.3% respectively. The results obtained in this study signify the importance of conducting circular economy performance assessments as planning tools as this assessment methodology interrelate environmental, social, economic, and technological factors which are integral for future infrastructural and urban planning.

Keywords: sustainability assessment; circular economy assessment; battery electric vehicles; fuel cell electric vehicles; internal combustion engine vehicles; zero emission vehicles; sustainability indicators; environmental indicators; economic indicators; social indicators (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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