Microgrid Protection Using Magneto-Resistive Sensors and Superimposed Reactive Energy

Musfira Mehmood, Syed Basit Ali Bukhari, Abdullah Altamimi (), Zafar A. Khan, Syed Ali Abbas Kazmi (), Muhammad Yousif and Dong Ryeol Shin
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Musfira Mehmood: US-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy (USPCAS-E), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
Syed Basit Ali Bukhari: Department of Electrical Engineering, The University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad 13100, Pakistan
Abdullah Altamimi: Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
Zafar A. Khan: Department of Electrical Engineering, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur 10250, Pakistan
Syed Ali Abbas Kazmi: US-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy (USPCAS-E), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
Muhammad Yousif: US-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy (USPCAS-E), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
Dong Ryeol Shin: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Information and Communication Engineering (CICE), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea

Sustainability, 2022, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-28

Abstract: The concept of microgrids has emerged as an effective way to integrate distributed energy resources (DERs) into distribution networks. The presence of DERs in microgrids leads to challenges in the formulation of protection for microgrids. Protection problems arise in a microgrid due to varying fault current levels in different operating scenarios. In order to overcome the practical challenges arising from varying fault current levels leading to short-circuit faults in microgrids, this paper proposes a MagnetoResistive (MR) sensors-based protection scheme, with fault localization through SuperimposedReactiveEnergy (SRE). The process is initiated by employing highly sensitive non-intrusive magnetic sensors to detect the magnetic field at each end of the distribution line. The magnetic field is then used to calculate the total harmonic distortion and thus detect faults in microgrids. After detection of faults, the proposed scheme uses SRE to identify faulty zones in microgrids. Finally, SI components of the current are extracted for fault classification. Extensive simulations on the International Electro-technical Commission (IEC) microgrid are performed in MATLAB/Simulink to validate the efficacy of the proposed scheme. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can effectively detect, classify and isolate different faults in microgrids, while operating under various modes with varying fault locations and resistances, with the efficiency of approximately 97–98%.

Keywords: distributed energy resources; faults; magneto resistive; micro-grid; renewable energy resources; super imposed reactive energy (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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