Effects of Injection Timing and Antioxidant on NOx Reduction of CI Engine Fueled with Algae Biodiesel Blend Using Machine Learning Techniques

Elumalai Perumal Venkatesan (), Parthasarathy Murugesan, Sri Veera Venkata Satya Narayana Pichika, Durga Venkatesh Janaki, Yasir Javed, Z. Mahmoud and C Ahamed Saleel
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Elumalai Perumal Venkatesan: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aditya Engineering College, Surampalem 533437, India
Parthasarathy Murugesan: School of Mechanical and Construction, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600062, India
Sri Veera Venkata Satya Narayana Pichika: Department of Mechanical Engineering, BITS-Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Secunderabad 500078, India
Durga Venkatesh Janaki: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aditya Engineering College, Surampalem 533437, India
Yasir Javed: Department of Computer Science, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia
Z. Mahmoud: Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
C Ahamed Saleel: Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Asir-Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia

Sustainability, 2022, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-19

Abstract: Fossil fuels are depended upon often in the transport sector. The use of diesel engines in all areas produce pollutants, such as NOx and CO, which cause serious environmental pollution and hazards, such as global climate change and breathing difficulties. Conventional fuel usage should be reduced, and there should be a shift toward alternative fuels. For compression ignition (CI) engines, microalgae biodiesel has been promoted as a clean, sustainable fuel. This is because it possesses desired traits, such as a quick rate of development, high productivity, and the capacity to turn CO 2 into fuel. When algal biodiesel is used, pollutants, such as CO, UBHC, and smoke, are typically reduced, whereas NOx emissions are typically increased. The adoption of an exhaust gas recirculation technology and the advancement or delay of injection timing can effectively reduce NOx formation. Incorporating antioxidant chemicals such as butylated hydroxyl anisole (BHA) into fuel also minimizes NOx formation. In this study, the use of microalgae biodiesel as a substitute fuel for CI engines was investigated by altering the injection timing and adding each antioxidant in two doses. According to ASTM standard test procedures for biodiesel, the fuel qualities of various blends of algal biodiesel with antioxidants were tested and compared with the diesel fuel. The experiments were conducted using CI engines, and parameters were examined, such UBHC, CO, NOx, and smoke opacity. In comparison to diesel fuel, B20 + 30% BHA (21 bTDC) blends produced 49% lower oxides of nitrogen. The smoke, HC, and CO emissions of fuel blend B20 + 30% BHA (25 bTDC) were reduced by 33.33%, 32.37%, and 11.21%, respectively, compared with those of diesel fuel. The fuel blend B20 + 30% BHA (25 bTDC) showed the highest brake thermal efficiency of 14.52% at peak load condition. A multi-output regression deep long short-term memory (MDLSTM) model was designed to predict the performance and emissions of CI engines operating with varied fuel mixtures. The average RMSE and R 2 values for the proposed MDLSTM were 0.38 and 0.9579, respectively.

Keywords: machine learning; injection timing; BHA; MDLSTM; RSME; antioxidants (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (2)

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