Mechanisms Governing the Formation and Long-Term Sustainment of a Northeastward Moving Southwest Vortex

Kang-Quan Yang, Di-Xiang Xiao, Xing-Wen Jiang (), Zi-Rui Li and Shen-Ming Fu ()
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Kang-Quan Yang: Sichuan Meteorological Observatory, Chengdu 610072, China
Di-Xiang Xiao: Sichuan Meteorological Observatory, Chengdu 610072, China
Xing-Wen Jiang: Heavy Rain and Drought–Flood Disasters in Plateau and Basin Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610072, China
Zi-Rui Li: School of Earth Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
Shen-Ming Fu: International Center for Climate and Environment Sciences, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China

Sustainability, 2023, vol. 15, issue 12, 1-18

Abstract: From 10 July to 12 July 2021, a long-lived (~66 h) southwest vortex (SWV), moved from Southwest China to Northeast China and caused a series of heavy rainfall events. This SWV case was rarely seen, as its lifespan was much longer than the SWVs’ mean lifespan, and the vast majority of SWVs showed a quasi-stationary behavior. It was found that the SWV formed and sustained in favorable background environments, which were characterized by a strong upper-level divergence (related to the South Asia High), a notable middle-tropospheric warm advection (related to a shortwave trough), and a vigorous low-level jet. The SWV showed remarkable interactions with a middle-tropospheric mesoscale vortex. The strong southwesterly wind in the eastern section of a deep shortwave trough east of the Tibetan Plateau acted as the steering flow for the northeastward movement of both vortices. Vorticity budget showed that the convergence-related vertical stretching dominated the SWV’s formation and development; the convection-related upward transport of cyclonic vorticity was the most favorable factor for the SWV’s sustainment, whereas, during the decaying stage, the SWV dissipated mainly due to the tilting effects and the net export transport of cyclonic vorticity. Backward trajectory analyses showed that most of the air particles that formed the SWV (at its formation time) were sourced from the lower troposphere. These air particles mainly ascended and experienced a rapid increase in cyclonic vorticity during the SWV’s formation stage. The topography of the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau was crucial for the SWV’s formation, as around a half of the air particles (that formed the SWV) came from this region. Most of these air particles enhanced in their cyclonic vorticity and convergence when they descended along the topography of the plateau.

Keywords: mesoscale vortex; southwest vortex; heavy rainfall; vorticity budget (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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