Adsorption of Pb 2+ Ions from Aqueous Solution onto Porous Kappa-Carrageenan/Cellulose Hydrogels: Isotherm and Kinetics Study

Karuppiah Kalaiselvi (), Sonaimuthu Mohandoss, Naushad Ahmad, Mohammad Rizwan Khan and Ranjith Kumar Manoharan ()
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Karuppiah Kalaiselvi: Department of Chemistry, Government Arts and Science College, Paramakudi 623701, Tamil Nadu, India
Sonaimuthu Mohandoss: School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
Naushad Ahmad: Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
Mohammad Rizwan Khan: Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
Ranjith Kumar Manoharan: Department of Civil Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea

Sustainability, 2023, vol. 15, issue 12, 1-15

Abstract: Heavy metal ion pollution poses severe health risks. In this study, a kappa-carrageenan/cellulose (κ-CG/CL) hydrogel was prepared using a facile one-step method to remove Pb 2+ ions from aqueous solutions. The functional groups and crystallinity nature of κ-CG/CL hydrogel have been identified via Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). In contrast, the porous morphology and size distribution on the surface of κ-CG/CL hydrogel with a pore size of 1–10 μm were identified using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis. The as-prepared κ-CG/CL hydrogel effectively removed Pb 2+ ions, primary environmental pollutants. The effects of pH and contact time on Pb 2+ adsorption were studied along with the adsorption isotherms and kinetics of Pb 2+ adsorption onto the hydrogels from aqueous solutions. Notably, the aqueous solutions were effectively treated with the prepared κ-CG/CL hydrogels to remove Pb 2+ ions. The adsorption results fit well with pseudo-first- and second-order kinetic, Elovich, intra-particle diffusion, and Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Based on the fitting results, the maximum adsorption capacity was obtained with the Freundlich isotherm model of κ-CG/CL hydrogel found to be 486 ± 28.5 mg/g (79%). Reusability studies revealed that the κ-CG/CL hydrogel could remove Pb 2+ ions with more than 79% removal efficiency after eight adsorption–desorption cycles. In addition, its mechanism for efficiently adsorbing and removal of Pb 2+ ions was analyzed. These findings imply that the κ-CG/CL hydrogel has substantial potential for application in removing and recycling heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions.

Keywords: adsorption; Pb 2+; hydrogels; kinetics; isotherm (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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