The Environmental Impacts of Caesar Salad Packaging

Nate Stephens, Rupert A. Hurley (), Robert Kimmel, William Bridges, Ami Frierson, Duncan Darby, Jeanne Skaggs and Maggie Albro
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Nate Stephens: Sonoco Institute of Packaging Design and Graphics, Clemson University, Fernow Street, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
Rupert A. Hurley: Sonoco Institute of Packaging Design and Graphics, Clemson University, Fernow Street, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
Robert Kimmel: Sonoco Institute of Packaging Design and Graphics, Clemson University, Fernow Street, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
William Bridges: Sonoco Institute of Packaging Design and Graphics, Clemson University, Fernow Street, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
Ami Frierson: Sonoco Institute of Packaging Design and Graphics, Clemson University, Fernow Street, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
Duncan Darby: Sonoco Institute of Packaging Design and Graphics, Clemson University, Fernow Street, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
Jeanne Skaggs: Sonoco Products Company, Hartsville, SC 29550, USA
Maggie Albro: Sonoco Institute of Packaging Design and Graphics, Clemson University, Fernow Street, Clemson, SC 29634, USA

Sustainability, 2023, vol. 15, issue 13, 1-60

Abstract: There are at least 151 ways to uniquely package ingredients for a Caesar salad, and this research provides the environmental impacts of each so organizations can make more informed packaging decisions. This research examines the environmental impacts of salad packaging at the retail market based on the typical Caesar salad from the manufacturing gate to the post-consumer gate. A retail audit of salad packaging was conducted across the southeast USA in the summer of 2021, identifying 167 unique packaging types offered across four methods of sale: (1) whole packaged ingredients, (2) prepared packaged ingredients, (3) packaged salad kits, and (4) salad bar containers. Analysis of these packaged products yielded 26 unique materials that were analyzed within Trayak COMPASS life cycle analysis (LCA) software. One hundred and fifty-one possible salad packaging combinations were generated and assessed through various environmental impact measurements. A novel formula was developed that provides a standard score for each possible combination. For lettuce, heavier clamshells and tubs were more impactful than flexible bags. For cheese, flexible bags were less impactful than heavier, rigid packaging. For croutons, bag-in-box solutions were just as impactful as multi-layer flexible pouches. For dressings, impact corresponded with weight, where a flexible plastic pouch had less of an impact than plastic and glass bottles. Packaged kits and salad bar packaging were analyzed as well, determining bagged kits’ impacts were significantly lower than those of bowl kits. Five packages common to salad bars were analyzed, where coated paper had less of an impact than molded pulp and plastic clamshells. The value of this work can be leveraged by researchers and organizations who seek to make packaging decisions based on environmental impacts and consumers who seek to be more informed about the impacts of the packaging they purchase.

Keywords: environmental impact; salad packaging; life cycle analysis; retail audit; materials analysis (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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