Experimental and Theoretical Study of Methylene Blue Adsorption on a New Raw Material, Cynara scolymus —A Statistical Physics Assessment

Chaker Djama, Abdallah Bouguettoucha (), Derradji Chebli, Abdeltif Amrane (), Hichem Tahraoui, Jie Zhang and Lotfi Mouni
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Chaker Djama: Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés Chimiques, Department of Process Engineering, University of Ferhat Abbas, Setif 19000, Algeria
Abdallah Bouguettoucha: Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés Chimiques, Department of Process Engineering, University of Ferhat Abbas, Setif 19000, Algeria
Derradji Chebli: Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés Chimiques, Department of Process Engineering, University of Ferhat Abbas, Setif 19000, Algeria
Abdeltif Amrane: Univ Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR—UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
Hichem Tahraoui: Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés Chimiques, Department of Process Engineering, University of Ferhat Abbas, Setif 19000, Algeria
Jie Zhang: School of Engineering, Merz Court, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
Lotfi Mouni: Laboratory of Management and Valorization of Natural Resources and Quality Assurance, SNVST Faculty, University of Bouira, Bouira 10000, Algeria

Sustainability, 2023, vol. 15, issue 13, 1-26

Abstract: Methylene blue (MB) adsorption was performed on a natural material powder of Cynara scolymus as a new inexpensive adsorbent identified by Cs. To analyze the Cs material, FTIR, SEM, isoelectric point (pH pzc ) analysis, TGA, and DRX were used. The maximum experimental adsorption capacity of the Cs material was 203.333, 192.187, and 179.380 mg•g −1 at 298, 303, and 313 K, respectively. The correlation coefficients (R 2 ) and average percentage errors APE (%) values for the kinetic and isotherms models indicated that the adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-nth order model and that the traditional isotherm model Redlich–Peterson (R–P) correctly described the experimental data obtained at 298, 303, and 313 K, respectively. The steric, energetic, and thermodynamic characteristics of the most relevant advanced model (double-energy single-layer model (AM 2)) were analyzed in detail. The number of active sites for the first receptors (n 1 ) was determined to be 0.129, 0.610, and 6.833, whereas the number of second active sites (n 2 ) was determined to be 1.444, 1.675, and 2.036 at 298, 303, and 313 K, respectively. This indicated the presence of both multi–docking and multimolecular modes for the first style of MB ions (n 1 ), while only a multimolecular mode for the second style of MB ions (n 2 ). Thermodynamic characteristics demonstrated that MB adsorption onto the Cs adsorbent is spontaneous and feasible.

Keywords: adsorption; methylene blue; Cynara scolymus; isotherm; kinetics; physical models (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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