Box–Behnken Design-Based Optimization of the Saccharification of Primary Paper-Mill Sludge as a Renewable Raw Material for Bioethanol Production

Vasudeo Zambare (), Samuel Jacob, Mohd Fadhil Md. Din and Mohanadoss Ponraj ()
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Vasudeo Zambare: R&D Department, Om Biotechnologies, Nashik 422 011, India
Samuel Jacob: Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, India
Mohd Fadhil Md. Din: Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Water Security (IPASA), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
Mohanadoss Ponraj: Department of Biological Sciences, The Copperbelt University, Riverside, Kitwe 21692, Zambia

Sustainability, 2023, vol. 15, issue 13, 1-15

Abstract: In this study, the primary paper-mill sludge characterized as containing 51% glucan was used to optimize the enzymatic saccharification process for the production of bioethanol using a Box–Behnken design (BBD). Polyethylene glycol 4000 (PEG-4000) surfactant-assisted enzymatic saccharification of dried primary sludge (DPS) showed a 12.8% improvement in saccharification efficiency. There was a statistically significant effect of solid enzyme loading and saccharification time on the enzymatic saccharification of DPS at a 95% confidence level ( p < 0.05). The optimum levels of 10.4% w / w DPS solid loading, 2.03% enzyme loading (10 FPU g/DPS), and 1% ( w / w DPS) PEG-4000 loading for a saccharification efficiency of 57.66% were validated experimentally and found to be non-significant with regard to the lack of fit with the predicted saccharification efficiency of 56.76%. Furthermore, Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermented the saccharified sugars into ethanol (9.35 g/L) with a sugar-to-ethanol conversion yield of 91.6% compared with the theoretical maximum. Therefore, DPS is a more suitable renewable biomass for determining the presence of fermentable sugar and for the production of ethanol.

Keywords: pulp primary sludge; renewable biomass; efficiency; saccharification; Box–Behnken design; ethanol fermentation (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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