E-Nose-Driven Advancements in Ammonia Gas Detection: A Comprehensive Review from Traditional to Cutting-Edge Systems in Indoor to Outdoor Agriculture

Ata Jahangir Moshayedi, Amir Sohail Khan, Jiandong Hu, Abdullah Nawaz and Jianxiong Zhu ()
Additional contact information
Ata Jahangir Moshayedi: School of Information Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, No. 86, Hongqi Ave., Ganzhou 341000, China
Amir Sohail Khan: School of Information Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, No. 86, Hongqi Ave., Ganzhou 341000, China
Jiandong Hu: Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
Abdullah Nawaz: Department of Advance Study in Energy, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
Jianxiong Zhu: School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China

Sustainability, 2023, vol. 15, issue 15, 1-33

Abstract: Ammonia (NH 3 ) represents a perilous gas that poses a substantial hazard to both human well-being and the environment, particularly within agricultural regions. Agricultural activities constitute a primary source of ammonia emissions. Thus, effective monitoring and measurement of ammonia sources in agriculture are imperative for mitigating its adverse impact. However, not all existing ammonia detection methods are suitable for discerning the low concentrations typically encountered in agricultural ammonia volatilizing (ranging from 0.01 to 5 parts per million). Consequently, curtailing ammonia volatilization from farmland assumes paramount importance, with real-time monitoring serving as a crucial mechanism for assessing environmental contamination and minimizing agricultural ammonia losses. Deploying appropriate detection methodologies ensures that requisite measures are taken to safeguard human health and the environment from the deleterious repercussions of ammonia exposure. The present paper introduces a comprehensive approach to detecting and analyzing ammonia in agricultural settings. It elucidates the merits and demerits of conventional indoor and outdoor ammonia detection methods, juxtaposing them with the innovative technology of Electronic nose (E-nose). Within the paper, seven widely employed ammonia detection methods in farmland are scrutinized and compared against traditional techniques. Additionally, the constructional aspects and distinct components of E-nose are meticulously delineated and appraised. Ultimately, the paper culminates in a comprehensive comparative analysis encompassing all the aforementioned methodologies, elucidating the potential and limitations of E-nose in facilitating ammonia detection endeavors within agricultural contexts.

Keywords: ammonia gas detection; agriculture gas; synthetic fertilizers; indoor and outdoor ammonia detection; Electronic nose (E-nose) (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/15/11601/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/15/11601/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:15:p:11601-:d:1203916

Access Statistics for this article

Sustainability is currently edited by Ms. Alexandra Wu

More articles in Sustainability from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().