Increasing the Efficiency of the Rice–Wheat Cropping System through Integrated Nutrient Management

Prabhjit Kaur, Kulvir Singh Saini, Sandeep Sharma, Jashanjot Kaur, Rajan Bhatt (), Saud Alamri, Alanoud T. Alfagham and Sadam Hussain
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Prabhjit Kaur: Department of Agronomy, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab, India
Kulvir Singh Saini: Department of Agronomy, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab, India
Sandeep Sharma: Department of Soil Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab, India
Jashanjot Kaur: PAU-Regional Research Station, Kapurthala 144601, Punjab, India
Rajan Bhatt: PAU-Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Amritsar 143601, Punjab, India
Saud Alamri: Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
Alanoud T. Alfagham: Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
Sadam Hussain: College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China

Sustainability, 2023, vol. 15, issue 17, 1-18

Abstract: The advancement of effective nutrient management strategies has been instrumental in enhancing crop productivity and economic viability. Thus, we investigated the effect of green manure and organic amendments at varying nitrogen levels in rice and their residual effect on wheat crops. A two-year research study (2018–2019 and 2019–2020) was conducted at two distinct locations: Punjab Agricultural University in Ludhiana and a Research Station in Dyal Bharang, Amritsar. The experimental design employed was a split-plot design. The main plot treatments consisted of four treatments (green manuring, farmyard manure, poultry manure, and no organic amendment (control)) and four subplot treatments (No N control, 50 kg N ha −1 , 75 kg N ha −1 , and 100 kg N ha −1 ), replicated four times in the rice crop, and its residual effect was studied in wheat. The study found that applying organic amendments at different nitrogen levels significantly increased rice–wheat productivity, growth, yield qualities, nutrient uptake, and efficiency ( p < 0.05). Poultry manure increased rice grain yield more than other modifications. It significantly increased grain yield by 67.3% and 61.4% over the control in both years of the research. Poultry manure (41.9 kg, 60.0%) increased AE (kg grain kg −1 N uptake) and ANR (%) compared to control due to higher total N (177.4 kg ha −1 ), P (31.6 kg ha −1 ), and K (179.6 kg ha −1 ). Grain production was positively correlated with total nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) intake (r = 0.992**, 0.931**, and 0.984**, respectively). Total N uptake was positively correlated with P and K uptake (r = 0.963** and 0.991**, respectively). Poultry manure improved soil health by increasing total microbial count and alkaline phosphatase activity. In the subsequent wheat crop, rice grown with poultry manure yielded 24.3 and 24.4 percent more than no organic amendment control in rabi 2018–2019 and 2019–2020. The findings suggest that poultry manure and 100 kg N ha −1 or 75 kg N ha −1 afforded equivalent yields. This shows that even less nitrogen may be enough to boost rice and wheat yields.

Keywords: APA; agronomic efficiency; grain yield; n-uptake; p-uptake; rice–wheat (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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