Adsorption of Lead from Aqueous Solution Using Activated Carbon Derived from Rice Husk Modified with Lemon Juice

Cybelle Concepcion Futalan (), Emmanuel Diana, Ma. Florita Andrea Edang, Jelly May Padilla, Marie Chela Cenia () and Dale Mhar Alfeche
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Cybelle Concepcion Futalan: Institute of Civil Engineering, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines
Emmanuel Diana: Civil and Allied Department, Technological University of the Philippines, Taguig 1631, Philippines
Ma. Florita Andrea Edang: Civil and Allied Department, Technological University of the Philippines, Taguig 1631, Philippines
Jelly May Padilla: Civil and Allied Department, Technological University of the Philippines, Taguig 1631, Philippines
Marie Chela Cenia: Civil and Allied Department, Technological University of the Philippines, Taguig 1631, Philippines
Dale Mhar Alfeche: Department of Science and Technology, Industrial Technology Development Institute, Taguig 1631, Philippines

Sustainability, 2023, vol. 15, issue 22, 1-14

Abstract: In the present work, activated carbon (RHAC-LJ) was synthesized utilizing rice husk as a carbon source that is activated with lemon juice. Moreover, the adsorptive capacity of RHAC-LJ in removing Pb(II) from aqueous solution was investigated. FTIR analysis revealed the presence of amides, alkenes, carboxyl and hydroxyl groups in RHAC-LJ. SEM micrographs illustrate that activation with lemon juice resulted in high pore volume and greater pore diameter. Activation using acid from lemon juice can remove impurities from the adsorbent surface. The surface area and pore volume of RHAC-LJ were determined to be 112.87 m 2 ·g −1 and 0.107 cm 3 /g, respectively. Adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order equation ( R 2 = 0.9941) with a rate constant of 3.3697 g/mg·min for Pb (II), which indicates chemisorption to be the rate-determining step of the process. The BBD model using RSM was applied in studying the effects of pH, stirring speed and adsorbent dosage and their interactions on the removal efficiency of RHAC-LJ. Analysis of variance was used to examine the significance of the model, independent parameters, and their interactions. Moreover, a removal efficiency of 98.49% can be attained using the following optimal conditions: 197 rpm, pH 5.49, and adsorbent dosage of 0.3487 g. Overall, the present work illustrates RHAC-LJ as a potential low-cost adsorbent for the removal of Pb(II) from synthetic wastewater.

Keywords: activated carbon; adsorption; Box-Behnken design; kinetics; lead; lemon juice; optimization; rice husk (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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