Hyperbranched Dithiocarbamate-Modified Biochar: A Promising Adsorbent for Selective Removal of Pb(II) from Wastewater

Xin Xie, Jiangtao He, Jianhong Huang (), Jie Li (), Yingjie Li and Senlin Tian
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Xin Xie: Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
Jiangtao He: Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
Jianhong Huang: Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
Jie Li: Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
Yingjie Li: Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
Senlin Tian: Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China

Sustainability, 2023, vol. 15, issue 2, 1-17

Abstract: Herein, dithiocarbamate-modified biochar (BC-HDTC) was successfully synthesized with nitric acid (HNO 3 ), thionyl chloride (SOCl 2 ), branched PEI and carbon disulfide (CS 2 ). The effective anchoring of amine and dithiocarbamate groups onto the surface of the biochar was proven by SEM, FTIR, XPS, N2 adsorption–desorption experiment. The batch experiments demonstrated BC-HDTC can selectively remove 98% Pb(II) within multi-metals solution when pH = 5, T = 30 °C. The impact of variations on the BC-HDTC were researched (pH, contact duration, Pb(II) original concentration).The sorption kinetics (pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, intra-particle diffusion model) and isotherm modeling (Langmuir, Freundlich, and tempkin models) of Pb(II) on BC-HDTC were investigated. The adsorption process was depicted to attain equilibrium in less than 20 min and to fit the Langmuir isotherms and pseudo-2nd-order kinetics satisfactorily. The complexation of functional groups of HDTC (amine/imine and dithiocarbamate) with Pb(II) as well as the ion exchange between Na(I) and Pb(II) are the main adsorption mechanisms. Pb(II) onto BC-HDTC was endothermic and spontaneous, according to thermodynamic parameters. After 4 consecutive adsorption-desorption cycles, Pb removal efficiency of BC- HDTC remained over 90%. This work revealed the significant potential for Pb(II) contamination of BC-HDTC, a valuable and reusable adsorbent.

Keywords: biochar; hyperbranched dithiocarbamate; modification; Pb(II); selective adsorption (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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