Challenge of Agriculture Development in Indonesia: Rural Youth Mobility and Aging Workers in Agriculture Sector

Ngadi Ngadi (), Andy Ahmad Zaelany, Ade Latifa, Dewi Harfina, Devi Asiati, Bayu Setiawan, Fitranita Ibnu, Triyono Triyono and Zanterman Rajagukguk
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Ngadi Ngadi: Research Center for Population, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta 12710, Indonesia
Andy Ahmad Zaelany: Research Center for Population, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta 12710, Indonesia
Ade Latifa: Research Center for Population, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta 12710, Indonesia
Dewi Harfina: Research Center for Population, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta 12710, Indonesia
Devi Asiati: Research Center for Population, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta 12710, Indonesia
Bayu Setiawan: Research Center for Population, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta 12710, Indonesia
Fitranita Ibnu: Research Center for Population, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta 12710, Indonesia
Triyono Triyono: Research Center for Population, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta 12710, Indonesia
Zanterman Rajagukguk: Research Center for Population, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta 12710, Indonesia

Sustainability, 2023, vol. 15, issue 2, 1-15

Abstract: The agricultural sector in Indonesia plays a strategic role in both economic development and employment. However, this sector has problems, especially concerning its declining workforce and aging workers. This is largely associated with the low attractiveness of the agricultural sector in absorbing labor. The younger age group prefers to seek non-agricultural employment by migrating to urban areas. This paper aims to analyze the youth mobility, job choice and the implications for agricultural workers. The data for analysis are data from the Indonesian National Labor Force Survey, 2019, by the Central Bureau of Statistics. The result of the descriptive and inferential analysis shows that the probability of youth migrating is higher than for older age groups. On the other hand, the probability of youth finding work in manufacturing and services is greater than in the agriculture sector. This carries implications for an increase in the workforce aged 60 and over, which has escalated from 7.6% in 1971 to 21.2% in 2020. Therefore, it is necessary to develop the agricultural sector so that it is attractive to the younger generation in Indonesia, especially to increase productivity and the use of digital technology for agriculture.

Keywords: youth mobility; job choice; agriculture sector; aging workers; Indonesia (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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