Pre and Post Water Level Behaviour in Punjab: Impact Analysis with DiD Approach

Yogita Sharma, Baljinder Kaur Sidana (), Sunny Kumar, Samanpreet Kaur, Milkho Kaur Sekhon, Amrit Kaur Mahal and Sushant Mehan
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Yogita Sharma: Department of Agricultural Economics, Bihar Agricultural University, Bhagalpur 813210, Bihar, India
Baljinder Kaur Sidana: Department of Economics and Sociology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab, India
Sunny Kumar: Department of Economics and Sociology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab, India
Samanpreet Kaur: Department of Soil and Water Engineering, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab, India
Milkho Kaur Sekhon: Department of Economics and Sociology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab, India
Amrit Kaur Mahal: Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab, India
Sushant Mehan: Colorado Water Center, Water Management and Systems Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA

Sustainability, 2023, vol. 15, issue 3, 1-18

Abstract: Punjab Agriculture is trapped in the complex nexus of groundwater depletion and food insecurity. The policymakers are concerned about reducing groundwater extraction at any cost for irrigation without jeopardizing food security. In this regard, the Government of Punjab introduced the “Punjab Preservation of Subsoil Water Act, 2009”. The present paper examines the impact of the “Preservation of Sub Soil Water Act, 2009” on pre- and post-water levels in Punjab using the difference-in-difference (DiD) approach. The state has witnessed a severe fall of 0.50 m per year and 0.43 m per year for the post-monsoon and pre-monsoon season, respectively. Only 2.62 per cent of wells were in the range of 20–40 m depth in the state in 1996, which increased to 42 per cent and 67 per cent in 2018 for the pre-monsoon period, and post monsoon period respectively, depicting an increase of 25 times. The groundwater depth in high rice-growing(treated) districts declined by 1.53 and 1.39 m than the low rice-growing (control) districts in the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon periods respectively post the enactment of PPSW Act, 2009. A groundwater governance framework is urgently needed to manage the existing and future challenges connected with the groundwater resource.

Keywords: groundwater; over-exploitation; difference-in-difference (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (2)

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