Sustainable Use of Extracts of Some Plants Growing in Ethiopia for the Formulation of Herbal Shampoo and Its Antimicrobial Evaluation

Yakob Godebo Godeto, Rakesh Kumar Bachheti (), Archana Bachheti, Seema Saini, Saikh M. Wabaidur, Abdallah A. A. Mohammed, Ivan Širić, Pankaj Kumar, Sami Abou Fayssal and Nishant Rai
Additional contact information
Yakob Godebo Godeto: Industrial Chemistry Department, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa P. O. Box 16417, Ethiopia
Rakesh Kumar Bachheti: Industrial Chemistry Department, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa P. O. Box 16417, Ethiopia
Archana Bachheti: Department of Environment Science, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun 248002, Uttarakhand, India
Seema Saini: Department of Mathematics, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun 248002, Uttarakhand, India
Saikh M. Wabaidur: Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
Abdallah A. A. Mohammed: Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
Ivan Širić: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetosimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Pankaj Kumar: Agro-Ecology and Pollution Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to be University), Haridwar 249404, Uttarakhand, India
Sami Abou Fayssal: Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Forestry, 10 Kliment Ohridski Blvd, 1797 Sofia, Bulgaria
Nishant Rai: Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun 248002, Uttarakhand, India

Sustainability, 2023, vol. 15, issue 4, 1-21

Abstract: Shampoo prepares surfactants to remove dirt, surface grease, and skin debris from hair, shaft, and scalp without harming the user. This study aimed to formulate herbal shampoo using Ethiopian plant extracts and evaluate their quality parameters. Herbal shampoos were formulated using seed oil extracts of Lepidium sativum L. and Ricinus communis L., and essential oil extracts of Lippia adeonsis Hochst ex. Walp koseret, along with other ingredients. The formulated herbal shampoos were evaluated for their organoleptic and physicochemical properties such as pH, surface tension, viscosity, dirt dispersion, antimicrobial activities, and stability. When the investigation data were assessed, the formulations were pleasant and attractive, produced sufficient foam, and showed suitable cleansing activities. The pH values were in a range 5.90 ± 0.22–7.45 ± 0.19, and lower surface tension (23.39 ± 0.20–31.89 ± 1.04 dyne/cm) together with acceptable viscosity with good shearing properties were obtained. The formulated products exhibited good antimicrobial activities against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus , and Aspergillus niger. When the surface morphologies of hair samples were examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), a clean and smooth surface was observed for treated samples, comparable to that of the marketed shampoo. This result indicated that the formulated herbal shampoo is good, having acceptable properties at par with commercially available shampoos. However, further investigation, research, and development are required to improve its quality and safety.

Keywords: antimicrobial activities; essential oil; herbal shampoo; seed oil; shampoo formulation (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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