Alginate-Based Sustainable Green Composites of Polymer and Reusable Birm for Mitigation of Malachite Green Dye: Characterization and Application for Water Decontamination

Nida Iqbal, Sami A. Al-Hussain, Fozia Batool (), Amina Mumtaz, Ali Irfan, Sobia Noreen, Muhammad Mustaqeem and Magdi E. A. Zaki ()
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Nida Iqbal: Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
Sami A. Al-Hussain: Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 13623, Saudi Arabia
Fozia Batool: Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
Amina Mumtaz: Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
Ali Irfan: Department of chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
Sobia Noreen: Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
Muhammad Mustaqeem: Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
Magdi E. A. Zaki: Department of chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan

Sustainability, 2023, vol. 15, issue 4, 1-14

Abstract: Environmental sustainability appraisal of adsorption for exclusion of the malachite green toxic dye was the center of attention in this work. The influenced goals were to analyze the consequences of novel composites fabricated by sodium alginate with guar gum and birm (SA@GG@B composites) by ion gelation. This work not only explains the feasibility of the sorbent and its application for the removal of dye stuff but also proclaimed various effects of different parameters affecting the removal efficiency. Adsorption processes were carried out in the batch process. The composite was characterized by SEM, which revealed that the irregular surface of composites has pores present for high adsorption, FTIR (for functional groups detection) reveals the presence of –OH group which provides attachment sites for dye, and BET (surface analysis) with a surface area of 5.01 m 2 /g shows that it has a wide surface area for greater adsorption process. Adsorption was performed on synthetic composites by varying different parameters like contact time, the concentration of sorbent and sorbate, and pH. Maximum adsorption was achieved (92.7%) at 100 ppm initial concentration, 120 min interaction time, and pH 9. Adsorption isotherms (Freundlich, Langmuir, Dubnin, and Elvoich isotherm) were applied in this work and evaluated the adsorption phenomenon and nature of adsorption. Freundlich adsorption capacity K F (9.45) reveals effective adsorption of dye by the proposed adsorbent. The kinetics models show that it was better with the pseudo-second-order reaction. Effective removal of malachite green by synthesized composites reveals their importance for the industrial water purification from hazardous dyes.

Keywords: sustainability; guar gum; birm; sodium alginate; adsorption; water decontamination; mitigation (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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