Valorization of Lyophilized Olive Mill Wastewater: Chemical and Biochemical Approaches

Imen Dali, Abdelrahman T. Abdelwahab, Abdelkarim Aydi, Nouha Fares, Aboulbaba Eladeb, Mondher Hamzaoui, Manef Abderrabba, Marwa A. Abdelfattah and Arbi Guetat ()
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Imen Dali: Laboratory of Materials Molecules and Applications, Preparatory Institute for Scientific and Technical Studies, University of Carthage, Carthage 2070, Tunisia
Abdelrahman T. Abdelwahab: Department of Biological Sciences, College of Sciences, Northern Border University, Arar 73213, Saudi Arabia
Abdelkarim Aydi: French School Victor Hugo, Gontardstraße 11, 60488 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
Nouha Fares: Laboratory of National Office of Oil (Tunisia), Charguia 2035, Tunisia
Aboulbaba Eladeb: Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Northern Border University, Rafha 73213, Saudi Arabia
Mondher Hamzaoui: Deanship of eLearning and Distance Education, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca 21955, Saudi Arabia
Manef Abderrabba: Laboratory of Materials Molecules and Applications, Preparatory Institute for Scientific and Technical Studies, University of Carthage, Carthage 2070, Tunisia
Marwa A. Abdelfattah: Department of Biological Sciences, College of Sciences, Northern Border University, Arar 73213, Saudi Arabia
Arbi Guetat: Department of Biological Sciences, College of Sciences, Northern Border University, Arar 73213, Saudi Arabia

Sustainability, 2023, vol. 15, issue 4, 1-17

Abstract: Lipid composition and antioxidant activity have been carried out in order to valorize the composition of olive mill wastewater extracts with different solvents (supercritical carbon dioxide, n-hexane, dichloromethane and ethanol). The antioxidant activity was evaluated using ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) tests. The total phenolics and flavonoid contents were, also, determined. The chemical composition of the extracted oil was established, respectively, by gas chromatography–flame ionization detector and high-performance liquid chromatography methods. The results showed that the oleic acid and equivalent carbon number of forty-eight were the major compounds of the analyzed oils. Residual olive mill wastewater from the Sousse region displayed the highest DPPH radical-scavenging activity (31.10 ± 0.10 μg/mL). The chemical analysis of extracts of OMWs showed that the n-hexane fraction contained an abundance of oleic acid (61.62%) and an equivalent carbon number of forty-eight (53.14%). The best antioxidant activity was determined for the ethanol fraction (14.5 μg/mL). The final results showed a significant difference and variations in polar and apolar components. Moreover, n-hexane extracts showed high percentages of Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) with 64% of OMWs oil composition and the dichloromethane extracts contained the largest amount of flavonoids (160.30 ± 1.70 mg EQ/g DM).

Keywords: olive mill wastewater; extraction; antioxidant activity; polyphenols; fatty acids; triglycerides (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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