Optimal Fertilization Strategies for Winter Wheat Based on Yield Increase and Nitrogen Reduction on the North China Plain

Xiaoqin Jiang, Jiuzhou Li, Zhichao An, Jun Liang, Xiaohong Tian, Yanling Chen (), Yaping Sun and Yun Li
Additional contact information
Xiaoqin Jiang: College of Resource and Environment Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
Jiuzhou Li: College of Resource and Environment Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
Zhichao An: National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Department of Plant Nutrition, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
Jun Liang: Laoling Agriculture and Rural Bureau, Laoling 253600, China
Xiaohong Tian: Laoling Agriculture and Rural Bureau, Laoling 253600, China
Yanling Chen: College of Resource and Environment Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
Yaping Sun: Qingdao Agricultural Technology Promotion Center, Qingdao 266071, China
Yun Li: College of Resource and Environment Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China

Sustainability, 2023, vol. 15, issue 5, 1-13

Abstract: In practice, most Chinese farmers usually apply excessive fertilizers to ensure wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) yield, resulting in environmental impacts. How to maintain an even increase wheat yield with less fertilizers is still not clear. This study evaluated the yield, quality, nutrient accumulation, and environmental costs of winter wheat under optimal fertilization management strategies. A field trial was set up with a randomized block design, constituted of eight different fertilization management strategies and four replicate plots. The results showed that optimal fertilization management strategy increased wheat yield and net benefit, and increased N, P, K accumulation, N and P fertilizer partial productivity and N and P uptake efficiency. Compared with the farmers’ practice, the yield in the different optimal fertilization management strategies was increased by 2.21–8.42% through improving the spike number or the grain number per spike. Meanwhile, the net benefit increased by 6.83–11.29% in different optimal fertilization management strategies. Furthermore, NO 3 − leaching and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emission in the different optimal fertilization managements were reduced by 25.50–35.15%, 48.80–60.26%, and 29.60–38.36%, respectively. In conclusion, CF3, CF1, 90%CF1 fertilization management can not only achieve high yield of wheat, but also improve economic benefits and reduce environmental costs, which are effective fertilization management strategies.

Keywords: winter wheat; nutrient efficiency; reactive nitrogen; economic benefit (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/5/4199/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/5/4199/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:5:p:4199-:d:1080755

Access Statistics for this article

Sustainability is currently edited by Ms. Alexandra Wu

More articles in Sustainability from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().