Development of New Alkylated Carrageenan Derivatives: Physicochemical, Rheological, and Emulsification Properties Assessment

Selma Toumi, Madiha Melha Yahoum, Sonia Lefnaoui, Abdelkader Hadjsadok, Asma Nour El Houda Sid, Amel Hind Hassein-Bey, Abdeltif Amrane (), Jie Zhang, Amin Aymen Assadi and Lotfi Mouni
Additional contact information
Selma Toumi: Faculty of Sciences, University of Medea, Nouveau Pole Urbain, Medea 26000, Algeria
Madiha Melha Yahoum: Materials and Environmental Laboratory (LME), University of Medea, Nouveau Pole Urbain, Medea 26000, Algeria
Sonia Lefnaoui: Laboratory of Experimental Biology and Pharmacology, University of Medea, Nouveau Pole Urbain, Medea 26000, Algeria
Abdelkader Hadjsadok: Functional Analysis of Chemical Processes Laboratory, Chemical Engineering Department, Saad Dahlab University, BP 270, Blida 09000, Algeria
Asma Nour El Houda Sid: Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Process Engineering, University of Salah Boubnider Constantine 3, Constantine 25000, Algeria
Amel Hind Hassein-Bey: Laboratory of Biomaterials and Transport Phenomena (LBMTP), University of Medea, Medea 26000, Algeria
Abdeltif Amrane: Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ISCR—UMR 6226, Université de Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France
Jie Zhang: School of Engineering, Merz Court, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
Amin Aymen Assadi: Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ISCR—UMR 6226, Université de Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France
Lotfi Mouni: Laboratory of Management and Valorization of Natural Resources and Quality Assurance, SNVST Faculty, Akli Mohand Oulhadj University, Bouira 10000, Algeria

Sustainability, 2023, vol. 15, issue 8, 1-17

Abstract: In this research, amphiphilic derivatives of kappa carrageenan (KC) were synthesized by hydrophobic modification with an alkyl halide (1-Octyl chloride). Three hydrophobic polymers with different degrees of substitution (DS) were obtained by the Williamson etherification reaction in an alkaline medium. The effect of the molar ratio (R = reagent/polymer) on the DS was investigated at different ratios (1, 2, and 3). The KC derivatives (KCRs) were characterized by different techniques such as FT-IR, 1 H-NMR, X-ray Diffraction, Scanning electron microscopy, and a rheological assessment. The FT-IR and 1 HNMR analyses confirmed the binding of the hydrophobic groups onto the KC molecule. The degrees of substitution calculated by 1 H-NMR demonstrated that the derivative KCR3 (0.68) presented a higher degree of substitution compared to KCR1(0.45) and KCR2 (0.53). The XRD and SEM analyses revealed that the alkaline etherification conditions did not alter the morphological and crystallographic properties, as well as the rheological behavior of the obtained derivatives. The amphiphilic character of the KCRs was investigated using a conductivity method which revealed that the molecular aggregation occurred above the critical aggregation concentration (CAC). Decreasing CAC values of 0.15% (KCR1), 0.11% (KCR2) and 0.08% (KCR3)with the degree of substitution (DS) were found. Furthermore, KCR’s derivatives greatly improved the stability of oil/water emulsions as the droplet size decreased with increasing DS. The derivative (KCR3) with higher DS, showed a greater amphiphilic character, and improved emulsifying power.

Keywords: κ-carrageenan; hydrophobic modification; critical aggregation concentration; emulsion stability; rheology (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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