Changes in Soil Freeze Depth in Response to Climatic Factors in the High-Latitude Regions of Northeast China

Maosen Fan, Zhuohang Xin, Lei Ye (), Changchun Song, Ye Wang and Yuedong Guo
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Maosen Fan: Faculty of Infrastructure Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
Zhuohang Xin: Faculty of Infrastructure Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
Lei Ye: Hubei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Yangtze and Hydroelectric Science, China Yangtze Power Co., Ltd., Yichang 443000, China
Changchun Song: Faculty of Infrastructure Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
Ye Wang: Faculty of Infrastructure Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
Yuedong Guo: Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China

Sustainability, 2023, vol. 15, issue 8, 1-14

Abstract: The changing climate in recent decades has caused rapid, widespread frozen ground degradation of the cryosphere, and changes in frozen ground may largely affect the ecosystem function. This study presents the long-term shrinkage of frozen ground, driven forces and resultant ecological impacts at three high-latitude sites (namely Nenjiang, Jiagedaqi, and Tahe, from low to high latitude) in Northeast China, an area that has received less attention in previous permafrost studies. As the key indicators of frozen ground, the ground surface and subsurface soil temperature (down to 40 cm) were found to increase in the period from the 1970s to the 2000s. The annual mean air temperatures at observation sites have increased significantly at rates of 0.24~0.40 °C/decade from 1971 to 2019, and were found to be negatively correlated to the change in soil freeze depth at the Jiagedaqi and Tahe sites. The annual snow depth at Jiagedaqi was found to decrease at a rate of 1.8 cm/decade, and positively correlate to the soil freezing index. The vegetation status of the three watersheds improved, as indicated by the increased normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) from 2000 to 2017. Our results can make a valuable contribution to knowledge of climate–frozen ground interactions, and can highlight the importance of examining such interaction for permafrost protection in similar high-latitude permafrost-dominated basins.

Keywords: frozen ground; climate factors; vegetation status; Northeast China (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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