Recovery of Metals from Printed Circuit Boards by Gold-REC 1 Hydrometallurgical Process

Nicolò Maria Ippolito (), Marco Passadoro, Francesco Ferella, Giorgio Pellei and Francesco Vegliò
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Nicolò Maria Ippolito: Department of Industrial and Computer Engineering and Economics, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
Marco Passadoro: Department of Industrial and Computer Engineering and Economics, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
Francesco Ferella: Department of Industrial and Computer Engineering and Economics, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
Giorgio Pellei: Department of Industrial and Computer Engineering and Economics, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
Francesco Vegliò: Department of Industrial and Computer Engineering and Economics, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy

Sustainability, 2023, vol. 15, issue 9, 1-13

Abstract: The paper describes a small full-scale plant based on the Gold-REC 1 process, designed and patented by the University of L’Aquila; the hydrometallurgical process allows the treatment of printed circuit boards (PCBs). The first step is a mechanical treatment to reduce the size of the scraps below 2 mm. The extraction of base metals occurs in a first reactor by a sulfuric acid/hydrogen peroxide solution. After filtration, the solid is leached again with thiourea and ferric sulfate in a sulfuric acid solution to extract gold and silver. This second solution is sent to an electrolytic cell where gold is recovered as metal powder. The resulting solution undergoes a second electrowinning, where silver is deposited on the cathode. The first pregnant solution undergoes recovery of Cu and Sn. A simulation was developed using lab-scale trial results. The 350 tons PCBs/year, running in a batch operating mode, produces around 43.8 kg/year of gold, 85.8 kg/year of silver, 42.4 tons/year of copper, and 7.2 tons/year of tin oxide. The results show the profitability of the process: the net present value is EUR 10.7 M, with an internal rate of return of 150% and a discounted payback time of 2 years.

Keywords: PCBs; WEEE; recycling; gold; copper; electrowinning; countercurrent leaching; circular economy (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
References: View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (2)

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