Bioremediation of Heavy Metals from Industrial Effluents Using Bacillus pakistanensis and Lysinibacillus composti

Ramzan Ali, Kashif Bashir, Saeed Ahmad, Amin Ullah (), Said Farooq Shah, Qurban Ali (), Humaira Yasmin and Ajaz Ahmad
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Ramzan Ali: Department of Health and Biological Sciences, Abasyn University, Peshawar 25000, Khyber Pakthunkhwa, Pakistan
Kashif Bashir: Department of Health and Biological Sciences, Abasyn University, Peshawar 25000, Khyber Pakthunkhwa, Pakistan
Saeed Ahmad: Institute of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Bacha Khan University, Charsada 24420, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Amin Ullah: Department of Health and Biological Sciences, Abasyn University, Peshawar 25000, Khyber Pakthunkhwa, Pakistan
Said Farooq Shah: Department of Statistics, University of Peshawar, KPK, Peshawar 25000, Khyber Pakthunkhwa, Pakistan
Qurban Ali: Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Punjab, Pakistan
Humaira Yasmin: Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, South Kensington Campus, Imperial College, London SW7 2BX, UK
Ajaz Ahmad: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia

Sustainability, 2023, vol. 15, issue 9, 1-16

Abstract: Aquatic pollution is one of the main problems due to rapid development in industrialization. The remediation of industrial wastewater (IWW) by microorganisms is an environmentally friendly technique. This study was conducted to assess pollution load in IWW and to use Bacillus pakistanensis and Lysinibacillus composti individually and in a consortium for bioremediation. The IWW was obtained from Hayatabad Industrial Estate and evaluated for physicochemical parameters and metal concentration. The pH, color, electrical conductivity (EC), turbidity, temperature, sulfide, fluoride, chloride, biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), calcium hardness, magnesium hardness, and total hardness were noted as 6.82, 440 TCU, 1.195 mS/cm, 54.65 mg/L, 26.8 °C, 5.60 mg/L, 3.6 mg/L, 162 mg/L, 85.5 mg/L, 921 mg/L, 232 mg/L, 794 mg/L, 590 mg/L, 395 mg/L, and 985 mg/L, respectively. The metals such as manganese, copper, chromium, cadmium, cobalt, silver, nickel, calcium, magnesium, and lead were also analyzed as 1.23 mg/L, 0.81 mg/L, 2.12 mg/L, 0.18 mg/L, 0.151 mg/L, 0.24 mg/L, 1.12 mg/L, 0.113 mg/L, 14.5 mg/L, and 0.19 mg/L, respectively. A pot experiment was performed for two weeks to evaluate the efficiency of the selected species. The IWW and tap water (control) were treated with selected species, individually and in a consortium. After treatment, a considerable reduction was noted in the color 87.3%, EC 46.5%, turbidity 84.1%, sulfide 87.5%, fluoride 25.0%, chloride 91.3%, BOD 96.4%, COD 86.5%, TSS 90%, TDS 45.0%, Ca hardness 42.3%, Mg hardness 77.2%, and total hardness 52.2%. After the experiment, samples of water were also analyzed for metal concentrations by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The selected species removed 99.3% of Mn, 99.6% of Cu, 97.8% of Cr, 94.4% of Cd, 46.3% of Co, 85.1% of Ag, 88.4% of Ni, 98.8% of Ca, 91.5% of Mg, and 90.5% of Pb. The t -test analysis showed that the treatment with the selected species significantly decreased the metal concentrations in the IWW ( p ≤ 0.05).

Keywords: bioremediation; bacteria; physicochemical parameters; heavy metals; bioremoval efficiency (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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