Capacity and Mechanisms of Pb(II) and Cd(II) Sorption on Five Plant-Based Biochars

Yan Yu (), Jiangtao He, Jingyang Sun, Zixuan Pei, Qidong Wu and Rui Yu
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Yan Yu: School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
Jiangtao He: School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
Jingyang Sun: School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
Zixuan Pei: School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
Qidong Wu: School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
Rui Yu: School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China

Sustainability, 2023, vol. 15, issue 9, 1-18

Abstract: China is a large agricultural country that produces a large amount of crop straw every year. Thus, the development of cost-effective and economic application of invasive plants is warranted. Biochars derived from crop straw have been proven to be promising for adsorbent materials. However, less studies have focused on biochar derived from different types of crop straw as adsorbent under the same conditions to compare their adsorption performance. Here, we characterized the five biochars in the same system (600 °C). In results, GBC has higher ash content, pH, CEC, specific surface area, mineral composition and oxygen-containing functional groups. The adsorption kinetics can be explained adequately by the pseudo-second-order model and the Langmuir model, indicating that the adsorption behavior of the biochar is both physical adsorption and chemical adsorption; the adsorption process includes complexation reaction, cationic π bond, ion precipitation and electrostatic adsorption. In conclusion, GBC exhibited higher metal equilibrium adsorption capacities (125 mg·g −1 for Pb 2+ , 29 mg·g −1 for Cd 2+ ). The solution pH, biochar dosing, pyrolysis temperature and the properties of these heavy metals were responsible for adsorption capacity, thus showing stronger affinity and better adsorption effect. Our results are important for the selection and utilization of plant-based biochar for different heavy metals.

Keywords: biochar; crop straws; heavy metal ion adsorption; adsorption kinetics; characterization (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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